[164]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., p. 702. Same, Exhibits Nos. 45-47, pp. 732-33.[165]Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 691.[166]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 3666-69.[167]Same, p. 3959.[168]Same, p. 2664.[169]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, pp. 656-57.[170]Art. 1, sec. 4.[171]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 40-44.[172]Speech of Simon Sterne, counsel of the New York Chamber of Commerce, before New York Assembly "Hepburn" Committee, 1879, p. 3964.[173]Testimony, same, p. 2772.[174]See ch. xi.[175]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 44.[176]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, pp. 302, 314.[177]Testimony, same, Pipe Line Appendix, pp. 36-37; Investigation, Pennsylvania Secretary of Internal Affairs, 1878, pp. 19, 29.[178]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, etc., 1879, Pipe Line Appendix, pp. 36-37; Investigation, Pennsylvania Secretary of Internal Affairs, 1878, pp. 19, 29, 32, 42.[179]A History, etc. Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 690, 697, 705, 706.[180]Testimony of B.B. Campbell, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., pp. 298-99.[181]Same, p. 300.[182]Testimony of B.B. Campbell, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., p. 300.[183]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 78-79.[184]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 295.[185]Same, p. 212.[186]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 45.[187]Franklin B. Gowen, before House Committee of Commerce, Washington, Jan. 27, 1880.[188]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, before Interstate Commerce Commission, pp. 299-300.[189]Same, pp. 521, 539.[190]Same, p. 534.[191]Franklin B. Gowen, before House Committee of Commerce, Washington, Jan. 27, 1880.[192]Report, p. 45.[193]Franklin B. Gowen, before Pennsylvania House of Representatives Committee on Railroads, Feb. 13, 1883.[194]See ch. xiii.[195]See ch. xxvi.[196]Testimony of General Freight Agent of Pennsylvania Railroad (Logan, Emery, and Weavervs.Pennsylvania Railroad), McKean County Court of Common Pleas, 1889.[197]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases before the Interstate Commerce Commission, Deposition, pp. 531-34.[198]Samuel Van Syckelvs.Acme Oil Company, Supreme Court of New York, Buffalo, May, 1888, before Judge Childs; Deposition of David McKelvey.[199]Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases; Interstate Commerce Commission reports, vol. v., pp. 4, 5.[200]Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 572.[201]Same, pp. 389-99.[202]Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 658.[203]Testimony, Corners, New York Senate, 1883, p. 925.[204]Combinations, by S.C.T. Dodd, p. 28.[205]New YorkIndependent, March 17, 1893.[206]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, Nos. 153, 154, 163, Interstate Commerce Commission; Deposition of General Freight Agent Pennsylvania Railroad, pp. 531, 534.[207]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 389.[208]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 27.[209]Same, p. 28.[210]Same, p. 27.[211]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 17.[212]Answer of the Pennsylvania Railroad; Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 365.[213]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 256.[214]Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, Petition and Complaint.[215]Same, Testimony, p. 367.[216]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 372.[217]Same, pp. 380, 382.[218]Same, p. 256.[219]National Oil Company, Limited, to Interstate Commerce Commission, March 30, 1893.[220]Combinations: Their Uses and Abuses, by S.C.T. Dodd, p. 26.[221]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 3688.[222]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 71.[223]Same, p. 426.[224]Same, p. 425.[225]The Railways and the Republic, by J.F. Hudson, p. 83.[226]See pp. 69-70.[227]Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, Nos. 153, 154, 163. Petition and Complaint, p. 4.[228]Interstate Commerce Commission, "In the Matter of Relative Tank and Barrel Rates on Oil," 1888. Letter of G.B. Roberts.[229]See ch. v.[230]See ch. viii.[231]See below, and ch. xvii.[232]See ch. xxxiii.[233]Rice, Robinson & Witherop case, Interstate Commerce Commission, 1890.[234]In the matter of Relative Tank and Barrel Rates on Oil. Letter of President Roberts, Interstate Commerce Commission reports, vol. ii., p. 365.[235]Interstate Commerce Commission reports, vol. ii., p. 365.[236]Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases. Exhibits, pp. 6, 7, 10.[237]Interstate Commerce Commission reports, vol. ii., p. 365.[238]Interstate Commerce Commission reports, vol. ii., p. 365.[239]Same.[240]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 462.[241]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 542, 543.[242]Same, p. 542.[243]Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases. Petition and Complaint.[244]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 44, 110, 393, 396.[245]Same, p. 401.[246]Same, p. 335.[247]See p. 145.[248]See ch. xv.[249]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 283-84.[250]Same, p. 283.[251]Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol v., p. 415.[252]See chs. xv., xvi., xvii.[253]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 268-336.[254]Same, p. 476.[255]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 163, 461, 537.[256]Same, p. 267.[257]Same, p. 296.[258]Same, Testimony of General Freight Manager of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, pp. 161-62.[259]Same, Testimony of General Freight Agent of the Pennsylvania Railroad, pp. 523, 537.[260]Testimony of General Freight Agent of the Pennsylvania Railroad in Nicolai and Bradyvs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., before Interstate Commerce Commission, Jan. 28, 1888.[261]The new rates prohibited the traffic. Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 97, 110, 139, 141, 146-48, 383-84, 393, 396, 397, 400, 401, 402.[262]Decision in Rice, Robinson, and Witherop case, Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol. iv., p. 131.[263]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 283.[264]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 44.[265]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 36.[266]Same, p. 270.[267]Same, p. 221.[268]See ch. viii.[269]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, Mr. Confer, June 17, 1891, p. 12.[270]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 237-38.[271]Same, Report and Opinion of the Commission.[272]Same.[273]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 127-28.[274]Report of Senate Select Committee, Interstate Commerce, 49th Congress, 1st Session, 1886, p. 214.[275]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 252.[276]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 20, 45, 75, 128-29, 175-77.[277]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 304-5.[278]Same, p. 486.[279]Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol. iv., p. 131.[280]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 188, 193, 446, 466, 467.[281]See chs. xvi, and xvii.[282]Rice cases, Nos. 184, 185, 194. Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol v., p. 193.[283]Same.[284]George Ricevs.The St. Louis Southwestern Railway Co.et al., and samevs.Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern Railway Co.et al.Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol. v., p. 660.[285]See chap. ix.[286]Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 695.[287]Same, p. 69.[288]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 449.[289]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 7, 19, 27, 28.[290]See ch. xviii.[291]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 64.[292]New YorkTribune, June 29, 1889.[293]United States Department of the Interior. "Petroleum," by Joseph D. Weeks, p. 300. Annual Oil Supplement toOil City Derrick, 1893 and 1894.[294]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 68.[295]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 387.[296]Same, p. 405.[297]Same, p. 449.[298]Annual Oil Supplement toOil City Derrick, Jan. 2, 1893.[299]Trusts, Congress, 1888. p. 52.[300]Same, p. 67.[301]Same, p. 29.[302]Same, p. 65.[303]See ch. xi.[304]See ch. xxiii.[305]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 3482.[306]Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 330.[307]Testimony of P.M. Shannon, J.W. Lee, T.B. Westgate, in the case of J.J. Cartervs.Producers and Refiners' Oil Co., Ld., Court of Common Pleas, Crawford County, Pa., May, 1894.[308]See ch. viii.[309]Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,ex rel.Bolard and Dalevs.National Transit Co., Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County, Pa., December, 1893.[310]See ch. xxxi.[311]Proceedings of Joint Committee Pennsylvania Legislature on Standard Oil Company and its Taxes, 1883, p. 527.[312]Proceedings of Joint Committee Pennsylvania Legislature on Standard Oil Company and its Taxes, 1883. Testimony of Auditor-General Schell, p. 11et seq., pp. 394-95, and of Corporation Clerk, same, p. 58et seq.[313]Same, pp. 60, 61, 62.[314]Same, pp. 374, 383.[315]Proceedings of Joint Committee Pennsylvania Legislature on Standard Oil Company and its Taxes, 1883, pp. 68, 69, 70, 381.[316]Proceedings of Joint Committee Pennsylvania Legislature on Standard Oil Company and its Taxes, 1883, pp. 53, 70, 81-85.[317]Appeal of Standard Oil Company to the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, June 20, 1881.[318]Trusts, Congress, 1886, p. 707.[319]Proceedings of the Joint Committee of the Pennsylvania Legislature, etc., pp. 143, 196, 476.[320]Same, pp. 316-17.[321]Proceedings of the Joint Committee of the Pennsylvania Legislature, etc., pp. 229, 478.[322]Same, pp. 478-79.[323]Same, pp. 228-29.[324]Proceedings of the Joint Committee of the Pennsylvania Legislature, etc., pp. 163, 185.[325]Same, p. 631.[326]Proceedings of the Joint Committee of the Pennsylvania Legislature, etc., pp. 267-70, 762-63.[327]Same, pp. 310, 789.[328]Proceedings of the Joint Committee of the Pennsylvania Legislature, etc., pp. 640-43, 830.
[164]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., p. 702. Same, Exhibits Nos. 45-47, pp. 732-33.
[164]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., p. 702. Same, Exhibits Nos. 45-47, pp. 732-33.
[165]Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 691.
[165]Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 691.
[166]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 3666-69.
[166]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 3666-69.
[167]Same, p. 3959.
[167]Same, p. 3959.
[168]Same, p. 2664.
[168]Same, p. 2664.
[169]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, pp. 656-57.
[169]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, pp. 656-57.
[170]Art. 1, sec. 4.
[170]Art. 1, sec. 4.
[171]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 40-44.
[171]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 40-44.
[172]Speech of Simon Sterne, counsel of the New York Chamber of Commerce, before New York Assembly "Hepburn" Committee, 1879, p. 3964.
[172]Speech of Simon Sterne, counsel of the New York Chamber of Commerce, before New York Assembly "Hepburn" Committee, 1879, p. 3964.
[173]Testimony, same, p. 2772.
[173]Testimony, same, p. 2772.
[174]See ch. xi.
[174]See ch. xi.
[175]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 44.
[175]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 44.
[176]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, pp. 302, 314.
[176]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, pp. 302, 314.
[177]Testimony, same, Pipe Line Appendix, pp. 36-37; Investigation, Pennsylvania Secretary of Internal Affairs, 1878, pp. 19, 29.
[177]Testimony, same, Pipe Line Appendix, pp. 36-37; Investigation, Pennsylvania Secretary of Internal Affairs, 1878, pp. 19, 29.
[178]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, etc., 1879, Pipe Line Appendix, pp. 36-37; Investigation, Pennsylvania Secretary of Internal Affairs, 1878, pp. 19, 29, 32, 42.
[178]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, etc., 1879, Pipe Line Appendix, pp. 36-37; Investigation, Pennsylvania Secretary of Internal Affairs, 1878, pp. 19, 29, 32, 42.
[179]A History, etc. Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 690, 697, 705, 706.
[179]A History, etc. Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 690, 697, 705, 706.
[180]Testimony of B.B. Campbell, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., pp. 298-99.
[180]Testimony of B.B. Campbell, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., pp. 298-99.
[181]Same, p. 300.
[181]Same, p. 300.
[182]Testimony of B.B. Campbell, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., p. 300.
[182]Testimony of B.B. Campbell, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., p. 300.
[183]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 78-79.
[183]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 78-79.
[184]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 295.
[184]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 295.
[185]Same, p. 212.
[185]Same, p. 212.
[186]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 45.
[186]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 45.
[187]Franklin B. Gowen, before House Committee of Commerce, Washington, Jan. 27, 1880.
[187]Franklin B. Gowen, before House Committee of Commerce, Washington, Jan. 27, 1880.
[188]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, before Interstate Commerce Commission, pp. 299-300.
[188]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, before Interstate Commerce Commission, pp. 299-300.
[189]Same, pp. 521, 539.
[189]Same, pp. 521, 539.
[190]Same, p. 534.
[190]Same, p. 534.
[191]Franklin B. Gowen, before House Committee of Commerce, Washington, Jan. 27, 1880.
[191]Franklin B. Gowen, before House Committee of Commerce, Washington, Jan. 27, 1880.
[192]Report, p. 45.
[192]Report, p. 45.
[193]Franklin B. Gowen, before Pennsylvania House of Representatives Committee on Railroads, Feb. 13, 1883.
[193]Franklin B. Gowen, before Pennsylvania House of Representatives Committee on Railroads, Feb. 13, 1883.
[194]See ch. xiii.
[194]See ch. xiii.
[195]See ch. xxvi.
[195]See ch. xxvi.
[196]Testimony of General Freight Agent of Pennsylvania Railroad (Logan, Emery, and Weavervs.Pennsylvania Railroad), McKean County Court of Common Pleas, 1889.
[196]Testimony of General Freight Agent of Pennsylvania Railroad (Logan, Emery, and Weavervs.Pennsylvania Railroad), McKean County Court of Common Pleas, 1889.
[197]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases before the Interstate Commerce Commission, Deposition, pp. 531-34.
[197]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases before the Interstate Commerce Commission, Deposition, pp. 531-34.
[198]Samuel Van Syckelvs.Acme Oil Company, Supreme Court of New York, Buffalo, May, 1888, before Judge Childs; Deposition of David McKelvey.
[198]Samuel Van Syckelvs.Acme Oil Company, Supreme Court of New York, Buffalo, May, 1888, before Judge Childs; Deposition of David McKelvey.
[199]Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases; Interstate Commerce Commission reports, vol. v., pp. 4, 5.
[199]Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases; Interstate Commerce Commission reports, vol. v., pp. 4, 5.
[200]Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 572.
[200]Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 572.
[201]Same, pp. 389-99.
[201]Same, pp. 389-99.
[202]Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 658.
[202]Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 658.
[203]Testimony, Corners, New York Senate, 1883, p. 925.
[203]Testimony, Corners, New York Senate, 1883, p. 925.
[204]Combinations, by S.C.T. Dodd, p. 28.
[204]Combinations, by S.C.T. Dodd, p. 28.
[205]New YorkIndependent, March 17, 1893.
[205]New YorkIndependent, March 17, 1893.
[206]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, Nos. 153, 154, 163, Interstate Commerce Commission; Deposition of General Freight Agent Pennsylvania Railroad, pp. 531, 534.
[206]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, Nos. 153, 154, 163, Interstate Commerce Commission; Deposition of General Freight Agent Pennsylvania Railroad, pp. 531, 534.
[207]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 389.
[207]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 389.
[208]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 27.
[208]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 27.
[209]Same, p. 28.
[209]Same, p. 28.
[210]Same, p. 27.
[210]Same, p. 27.
[211]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 17.
[211]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 17.
[212]Answer of the Pennsylvania Railroad; Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 365.
[212]Answer of the Pennsylvania Railroad; Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 365.
[213]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 256.
[213]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 256.
[214]Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, Petition and Complaint.
[214]Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, Petition and Complaint.
[215]Same, Testimony, p. 367.
[215]Same, Testimony, p. 367.
[216]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 372.
[216]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 372.
[217]Same, pp. 380, 382.
[217]Same, pp. 380, 382.
[218]Same, p. 256.
[218]Same, p. 256.
[219]National Oil Company, Limited, to Interstate Commerce Commission, March 30, 1893.
[219]National Oil Company, Limited, to Interstate Commerce Commission, March 30, 1893.
[220]Combinations: Their Uses and Abuses, by S.C.T. Dodd, p. 26.
[220]Combinations: Their Uses and Abuses, by S.C.T. Dodd, p. 26.
[221]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 3688.
[221]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 3688.
[222]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 71.
[222]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 71.
[223]Same, p. 426.
[223]Same, p. 426.
[224]Same, p. 425.
[224]Same, p. 425.
[225]The Railways and the Republic, by J.F. Hudson, p. 83.
[225]The Railways and the Republic, by J.F. Hudson, p. 83.
[226]See pp. 69-70.
[226]See pp. 69-70.
[227]Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, Nos. 153, 154, 163. Petition and Complaint, p. 4.
[227]Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, Nos. 153, 154, 163. Petition and Complaint, p. 4.
[228]Interstate Commerce Commission, "In the Matter of Relative Tank and Barrel Rates on Oil," 1888. Letter of G.B. Roberts.
[228]Interstate Commerce Commission, "In the Matter of Relative Tank and Barrel Rates on Oil," 1888. Letter of G.B. Roberts.
[229]See ch. v.
[229]See ch. v.
[230]See ch. viii.
[230]See ch. viii.
[231]See below, and ch. xvii.
[231]See below, and ch. xvii.
[232]See ch. xxxiii.
[232]See ch. xxxiii.
[233]Rice, Robinson & Witherop case, Interstate Commerce Commission, 1890.
[233]Rice, Robinson & Witherop case, Interstate Commerce Commission, 1890.
[234]In the matter of Relative Tank and Barrel Rates on Oil. Letter of President Roberts, Interstate Commerce Commission reports, vol. ii., p. 365.
[234]In the matter of Relative Tank and Barrel Rates on Oil. Letter of President Roberts, Interstate Commerce Commission reports, vol. ii., p. 365.
[235]Interstate Commerce Commission reports, vol. ii., p. 365.
[235]Interstate Commerce Commission reports, vol. ii., p. 365.
[236]Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases. Exhibits, pp. 6, 7, 10.
[236]Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases. Exhibits, pp. 6, 7, 10.
[237]Interstate Commerce Commission reports, vol. ii., p. 365.
[237]Interstate Commerce Commission reports, vol. ii., p. 365.
[238]Interstate Commerce Commission reports, vol. ii., p. 365.
[238]Interstate Commerce Commission reports, vol. ii., p. 365.
[239]Same.
[239]Same.
[240]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 462.
[240]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 462.
[241]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 542, 543.
[241]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 542, 543.
[242]Same, p. 542.
[242]Same, p. 542.
[243]Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases. Petition and Complaint.
[243]Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases. Petition and Complaint.
[244]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 44, 110, 393, 396.
[244]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 44, 110, 393, 396.
[245]Same, p. 401.
[245]Same, p. 401.
[246]Same, p. 335.
[246]Same, p. 335.
[247]See p. 145.
[247]See p. 145.
[248]See ch. xv.
[248]See ch. xv.
[249]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 283-84.
[249]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 283-84.
[250]Same, p. 283.
[250]Same, p. 283.
[251]Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol v., p. 415.
[251]Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol v., p. 415.
[252]See chs. xv., xvi., xvii.
[252]See chs. xv., xvi., xvii.
[253]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 268-336.
[253]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 268-336.
[254]Same, p. 476.
[254]Same, p. 476.
[255]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 163, 461, 537.
[255]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 163, 461, 537.
[256]Same, p. 267.
[256]Same, p. 267.
[257]Same, p. 296.
[257]Same, p. 296.
[258]Same, Testimony of General Freight Manager of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, pp. 161-62.
[258]Same, Testimony of General Freight Manager of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, pp. 161-62.
[259]Same, Testimony of General Freight Agent of the Pennsylvania Railroad, pp. 523, 537.
[259]Same, Testimony of General Freight Agent of the Pennsylvania Railroad, pp. 523, 537.
[260]Testimony of General Freight Agent of the Pennsylvania Railroad in Nicolai and Bradyvs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., before Interstate Commerce Commission, Jan. 28, 1888.
[260]Testimony of General Freight Agent of the Pennsylvania Railroad in Nicolai and Bradyvs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., before Interstate Commerce Commission, Jan. 28, 1888.
[261]The new rates prohibited the traffic. Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 97, 110, 139, 141, 146-48, 383-84, 393, 396, 397, 400, 401, 402.
[261]The new rates prohibited the traffic. Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 97, 110, 139, 141, 146-48, 383-84, 393, 396, 397, 400, 401, 402.
[262]Decision in Rice, Robinson, and Witherop case, Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol. iv., p. 131.
[262]Decision in Rice, Robinson, and Witherop case, Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol. iv., p. 131.
[263]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 283.
[263]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 283.
[264]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 44.
[264]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 44.
[265]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 36.
[265]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 36.
[266]Same, p. 270.
[266]Same, p. 270.
[267]Same, p. 221.
[267]Same, p. 221.
[268]See ch. viii.
[268]See ch. viii.
[269]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, Mr. Confer, June 17, 1891, p. 12.
[269]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, Mr. Confer, June 17, 1891, p. 12.
[270]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 237-38.
[270]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 237-38.
[271]Same, Report and Opinion of the Commission.
[271]Same, Report and Opinion of the Commission.
[272]Same.
[272]Same.
[273]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 127-28.
[273]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 127-28.
[274]Report of Senate Select Committee, Interstate Commerce, 49th Congress, 1st Session, 1886, p. 214.
[274]Report of Senate Select Committee, Interstate Commerce, 49th Congress, 1st Session, 1886, p. 214.
[275]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 252.
[275]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, p. 252.
[276]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 20, 45, 75, 128-29, 175-77.
[276]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 20, 45, 75, 128-29, 175-77.
[277]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 304-5.
[277]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 304-5.
[278]Same, p. 486.
[278]Same, p. 486.
[279]Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol. iv., p. 131.
[279]Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol. iv., p. 131.
[280]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 188, 193, 446, 466, 467.
[280]Testimony, Titusville and Oil City Independents' cases, pp. 188, 193, 446, 466, 467.
[281]See chs. xvi, and xvii.
[281]See chs. xvi, and xvii.
[282]Rice cases, Nos. 184, 185, 194. Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol v., p. 193.
[282]Rice cases, Nos. 184, 185, 194. Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol v., p. 193.
[283]Same.
[283]Same.
[284]George Ricevs.The St. Louis Southwestern Railway Co.et al., and samevs.Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern Railway Co.et al.Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol. v., p. 660.
[284]George Ricevs.The St. Louis Southwestern Railway Co.et al., and samevs.Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern Railway Co.et al.Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, vol. v., p. 660.
[285]See chap. ix.
[285]See chap. ix.
[286]Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 695.
[286]Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 695.
[287]Same, p. 69.
[287]Same, p. 69.
[288]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 449.
[288]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 449.
[289]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 7, 19, 27, 28.
[289]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 7, 19, 27, 28.
[290]See ch. xviii.
[290]See ch. xviii.
[291]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 64.
[291]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 64.
[292]New YorkTribune, June 29, 1889.
[292]New YorkTribune, June 29, 1889.
[293]United States Department of the Interior. "Petroleum," by Joseph D. Weeks, p. 300. Annual Oil Supplement toOil City Derrick, 1893 and 1894.
[293]United States Department of the Interior. "Petroleum," by Joseph D. Weeks, p. 300. Annual Oil Supplement toOil City Derrick, 1893 and 1894.
[294]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 68.
[294]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 68.
[295]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 387.
[295]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 387.
[296]Same, p. 405.
[296]Same, p. 405.
[297]Same, p. 449.
[297]Same, p. 449.
[298]Annual Oil Supplement toOil City Derrick, Jan. 2, 1893.
[298]Annual Oil Supplement toOil City Derrick, Jan. 2, 1893.
[299]Trusts, Congress, 1888. p. 52.
[299]Trusts, Congress, 1888. p. 52.
[300]Same, p. 67.
[300]Same, p. 67.
[301]Same, p. 29.
[301]Same, p. 29.
[302]Same, p. 65.
[302]Same, p. 65.
[303]See ch. xi.
[303]See ch. xi.
[304]See ch. xxiii.
[304]See ch. xxiii.
[305]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 3482.
[305]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 3482.
[306]Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 330.
[306]Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 330.
[307]Testimony of P.M. Shannon, J.W. Lee, T.B. Westgate, in the case of J.J. Cartervs.Producers and Refiners' Oil Co., Ld., Court of Common Pleas, Crawford County, Pa., May, 1894.
[307]Testimony of P.M. Shannon, J.W. Lee, T.B. Westgate, in the case of J.J. Cartervs.Producers and Refiners' Oil Co., Ld., Court of Common Pleas, Crawford County, Pa., May, 1894.
[308]See ch. viii.
[308]See ch. viii.
[309]Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,ex rel.Bolard and Dalevs.National Transit Co., Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County, Pa., December, 1893.
[309]Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,ex rel.Bolard and Dalevs.National Transit Co., Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County, Pa., December, 1893.
[310]See ch. xxxi.
[310]See ch. xxxi.
[311]Proceedings of Joint Committee Pennsylvania Legislature on Standard Oil Company and its Taxes, 1883, p. 527.
[311]Proceedings of Joint Committee Pennsylvania Legislature on Standard Oil Company and its Taxes, 1883, p. 527.
[312]Proceedings of Joint Committee Pennsylvania Legislature on Standard Oil Company and its Taxes, 1883. Testimony of Auditor-General Schell, p. 11et seq., pp. 394-95, and of Corporation Clerk, same, p. 58et seq.
[312]Proceedings of Joint Committee Pennsylvania Legislature on Standard Oil Company and its Taxes, 1883. Testimony of Auditor-General Schell, p. 11et seq., pp. 394-95, and of Corporation Clerk, same, p. 58et seq.
[313]Same, pp. 60, 61, 62.
[313]Same, pp. 60, 61, 62.
[314]Same, pp. 374, 383.
[314]Same, pp. 374, 383.
[315]Proceedings of Joint Committee Pennsylvania Legislature on Standard Oil Company and its Taxes, 1883, pp. 68, 69, 70, 381.
[315]Proceedings of Joint Committee Pennsylvania Legislature on Standard Oil Company and its Taxes, 1883, pp. 68, 69, 70, 381.
[316]Proceedings of Joint Committee Pennsylvania Legislature on Standard Oil Company and its Taxes, 1883, pp. 53, 70, 81-85.
[316]Proceedings of Joint Committee Pennsylvania Legislature on Standard Oil Company and its Taxes, 1883, pp. 53, 70, 81-85.
[317]Appeal of Standard Oil Company to the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, June 20, 1881.
[317]Appeal of Standard Oil Company to the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, June 20, 1881.
[318]Trusts, Congress, 1886, p. 707.
[318]Trusts, Congress, 1886, p. 707.
[319]Proceedings of the Joint Committee of the Pennsylvania Legislature, etc., pp. 143, 196, 476.
[319]Proceedings of the Joint Committee of the Pennsylvania Legislature, etc., pp. 143, 196, 476.
[320]Same, pp. 316-17.
[320]Same, pp. 316-17.
[321]Proceedings of the Joint Committee of the Pennsylvania Legislature, etc., pp. 229, 478.
[321]Proceedings of the Joint Committee of the Pennsylvania Legislature, etc., pp. 229, 478.
[322]Same, pp. 478-79.
[322]Same, pp. 478-79.
[323]Same, pp. 228-29.
[323]Same, pp. 228-29.
[324]Proceedings of the Joint Committee of the Pennsylvania Legislature, etc., pp. 163, 185.
[324]Proceedings of the Joint Committee of the Pennsylvania Legislature, etc., pp. 163, 185.
[325]Same, p. 631.
[325]Same, p. 631.
[326]Proceedings of the Joint Committee of the Pennsylvania Legislature, etc., pp. 267-70, 762-63.
[326]Proceedings of the Joint Committee of the Pennsylvania Legislature, etc., pp. 267-70, 762-63.
[327]Same, pp. 310, 789.
[327]Same, pp. 310, 789.
[328]Proceedings of the Joint Committee of the Pennsylvania Legislature, etc., pp. 640-43, 830.
[328]Proceedings of the Joint Committee of the Pennsylvania Legislature, etc., pp. 640-43, 830.