Hale, J.P., quoted,462.Hamilton, Alexander, on power over subsistence,529.Hancock, Erie stops independent pipe line,162.Handyvs.Cleveland and Marietta Railroad,206.Harter, the Isaac Harter Companyvs.the Northwestern Ohio Natural-gas Company,349.Hatch, Edward, quoted,255,281.Haul, long and short,221,222,223.Heaters, hot-water and steam,9.Herald, Boston, on relations of oil combination and State inspectors,411.Hermann, Von, on Paris Exhibition of 1839,39.Highway, ownership of, is ownership of all,12.Hoar, George F., on oil trust in the President's Cabinet,401.Holland,437.Hopkins, Representative, moves for investigation of railroads by Congress,372.Human nature,526.Illinois Central Railroad, "mistakes,"234.Immediate shipment,104.Improvement companies of Pennsylvania,55.Income of members of oil trust,459.Independent, the New York, quoted,348.Independents, rates withdrawn from, by Pennsylvania Railroad,90;Pennsylvania Railroad refuses cars to,91;Pennsylvania Railroad increases rates to,91;crushed by oil combination's use of railroad terminals,102;promised equal rates again,119;invited to rebuild by the railroads,119;attacked by Pennsylvania Railroad after being invited to rebuild,120;survive attack by railroad and oil-trust pool,128;appeal to Interstate Commission, 1888,128;discrimination against,130;freight rates to, increased at suggestion of oil combination,132;forced to close their works,135;saved by Grand Trunk Railroad,136;lose trade of New England, 1888,136;forced to sell oil to combination,140;prevented by railroads from using tank-cars,140;exactions suffered by, at the seaboard,141;appeal to Interstate Commerce Commission against delay,148;lose five years' business,149;get tank-cars and terminals,151;project pipe line to the seaboard in 1887,152;in 1892,160;pipe line stopped by Erie cannon at Hancock,162;survival of, delays Russian-American division of world's oil market,445;delay of Pennsylvania Supreme Court in acting on appeal of,447;in Germany,439.Indianapolis People's Trust,320.Individuality,527Industry, new law of,12.Inspection, State, used to end competition,215,216.Inspectors, State, also in employ of those they inspect,216,411;of oils in New York represent oil combination in Bremen congress,406;in Iowa, charged with allowing sellers to brand oil,412;sued in Iowa for damages for passing bad oil,413;in Minnesota, investigated by State Senate,413;in Illinois,415;in Nebraska,414-16.International steamship line subsidized,389-400.Interstate Commerce Commission, on coal rates,13;Pennsylvania independent coal-mine operators appeal to,19;decision on coal rates disregarded by the Pennsylvania railroads,19;on pool of oil combination with Tidewater Pipe Line,113;refuses to require production of secret contract between railroad and pipe line,124;bullied by counsel of Pennsylvania Railroad,124;orders reduction of freight rate on barrels in South,130;decision misapplied by Pennsylvania Railroad,131;interview with Pennsylvania Railroad officials,132;correspondence with president of Pennsylvania railroad,132;orders discrimination stopped,139;on monopoly of terminal facilities,142;chairman on collusive relations of oil trust and railroads,143;witnesses refuse to appear before,145;refrains from decision in case of Pennsylvania Railroad,146;decision in Rice, Robinson, and Witherop case, 1890,147;delays for two years decision against Pennsylvania Railroad,147;grants Pennsylvania Railroad rehearings for two years,148;railroads disobey orders of,149;decision against Pennsylvania Railroad, 1892,149;brings independents no help,149;proceedings before, by railroads as only preliminary to litigation in the courts,150;cannot decide after three years' hearings,150;grants Pennsylvania Railroad further delay,150;George Rice lets cases before, go by default,151;theatre for litigation and delay,160;calls discrimination "a vast discrepancy,"219;decides refusal to give rates "illegal,"224;on discriminations against Rice,227;on "astonishingly low" rates,232;on "mistakes" of railroads,234;sustains charges of discrimination,235;on control of industry by the oil combination,433;on immense power of oil combination,458;describes preferences given to the oil combination,478.Interstate Commerce law, only conviction under,19;disobeyed by railroad managers,218;opposed by Senator Payne,388;Senator Cullom on railroads' excuses for violating,498.Investigation, of South Improvement Company by Congress, in 1872, not continued,60;of railroad discriminations by Congress, suspended, 1876,71;testimony stolen,373.Investors' Review, of London, on English government jobbery,450.Iowa, Governor of, refuses to investigate charges of violation of inspection law,412.Iron, railroads buying iron lands,12;interests of members of oil combination,461.Italy,440.Jackson, Judge H.E., sustains Toledo,315.Joy, Professor, on explosiveness of naphtha,253.Judge, Federal, quashes indictment against secretary of whiskey trust,22;of Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, charged with violating the law,181;fixes damages in Van Syckel's case at 6 cents,195;excludes evidence against oil trust members,268;rules out evidence concerning oil trust,273;orders acquittal of members of oil trust,278;how made,296;decides anti-trust law not applicable to sugar trust,404.Jurors bribed to petition for mercy,286.Justice, delay of,149.Kanawha salt-wells,462.Karns, General S.D., suggests pipe-lines,41.Keystone refinery,291;causes Oil City disaster,418.King's horses and king's men,198.Knight, E.C.,et al., United Statesvs.,404.Laissez-faire, true,497.Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad and South Improvement Company,48,50;contract with the oil combination,69;Scofieldet al.vs.,70;railroad war of 1877,88;contracts to give a tenth of all oil freights to oil combination,89;gives its oil traffic to competing pipe line,127.Lamennais quoted,507.Lands, ownership changes, of coal,11;of oil,434.Laugh, the,257-71.Law, Anti-trust,3,6,404;Pennsylvania Free Pipe-Line, worthless,57;delays of,285;of oil inspection, how changed in Nebraska,415.(See Interstate Commerce).Lawson, J.D.,Leading Cases Simplified,181.Lawsuits, threats of,278,289;to cripple competition,290.Lawyers, officers of the court,114;relations of, to law-breakers,249;pamphlet against Toledo issued by,354.Leases, oil and gas, rights claimed under,306.Leather,5.Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, Coxe Brothers & Co.,vs.,19;railroad war of 1877,88.Little, John, represents Ohio before the United States Senate in the Payne matter,376.Locomotives,9.Louisville and Nashville Railroad turns another screw,213;"mistakes" of,234.Mail, New York, on income of members of oil trust,459.Mails, slower under subsidy,397.Maine, Sir Henry Sumner, on trade,507;on contract and status,533.Marcy, W.L., in Buffalo explosion case,259.Marietta, freight rates raised against refiners at,200.Market, for oil, becomes erratic,42;manipulation by oil trust,104,164,420,439;only one buyer,104.Matches,9;combination, Supreme Court of Michigan on,10.Mather, Peoplevs.,277.Matthews, C.B., experiences of,243-98.Matthews, Hon. Stanley,67;on the rebates of the oil combination,69.Maxim gun, English War Office opposition to, silenced,450.McClellan, Gen. G.B., on South Improvement Company contract,50.Meat combination,5;at Chicago,33.Medicine, adulterated liquors for,27.Merrill, Joshua,39;testimony before Congress,188;appeals to Railroad Commission of Massachusetts,189;pioneer in oil,463.Michigan State Board of Health on fires and deaths from bad oil,416.Mileage paid to preferred shippers,233.Millers' national conventions,30.Millionaires, abolition of,312,524.Minnesota Legislature recommends State elevators,31;Senate investigation of oil inspectors,413."Mistakes," by railroads not corrected,138;always in favor of preferred shippers,223,234.Monopoly, defined by Federal courts,3;Judge Barrett defines,3;difference of definitions,3,6;defined by United States Attorney-General,37;of Standard Oil Company, Supreme Court of Ohio on,70;ignorance of the public is the real capital of,117;must control all,298;and government,311;Lord Coke on,405;E. Benjamin Andrews on price manipulation,428;State, advocated by national economists in Germany,438;of oil in Germany,438;Ohio Supreme Court and New York Supreme Court pronounce Standard Oil Trust a,453;and industry,518;and liberty,519.Monotony,527.Monthly reports required by the oil combination,62;from producers in "shut-down,"155;of competitors' shipments,212.Morris, "Billy," inventor of the "slips,"463.Municipal enterprise better and cheaper than private,360.Mutilation of court records,83,244,267,484.National Transit Company,87;controls pipe-line business,113,114;owned by oil combination,113;president of the oil combination denies connection with,114;Bolard & Dalevs.,165;secrecy as to ownership of its stock,487.Natural-gas company owned by Standard Oil Trust,337.Navy, Secretary of, urges subsidy,389;and nickel appropriation,402;relations to subsidy,402.Netherlands, East India colonies,441.Nettleton, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, rules against retaining foreign captains,398.New England, trade in, lost by independent refiners,136.Newport News and Mississippi Valley Railroad, "mistakes,"234.Newspapers controlled by oil combination,160.(See Press.)New York Central Railroad, and South Improvement Company,48,49;refuses rates to competitors of South Improvement Company,52;war of 1877,88;contracts to give a tenth of all oil freights to oil combination,89;oil cars of, owned by oil combination,92;payments to American Transfer Company,99.New York, People of,vs.North River Sugar Refining Company,3;refiners do not dare to build large refineries,107;People of,vs.Everestet al.,244;legal procedure,285;Railway Commission of 1857,370;in danger from refineries and tanks,419;Senate committee on oil trust and prices,429;Constitution of 1846 on railroads,370;Constitutional Convention of 1894,451;"Hepburn" legislative investigation on rebates,476.New York and New England Railroad, oil trustee president of,189.New Zealand Fire Insurance Company sues for losses by bad oil,416.Nickel appropriation,402.North River Sugar Refining Company, People of New Yorkvs.,3.Northwestern Natural-gas Company, the Isaac Harter Companyvs.,349.Notice, freights raised without,136,200."Not yet," president of the oil trust,454.Nova Scotia coal-mines, consolidation of, by American syndicate,5,12,461.Ohio, oil-field, oil combination the only buyer of oil in,107;Supreme Court of, on discriminations,219;State of,vs.Cincinnati, New Orleans, and Texas Pacific Railway,220;State of,vs.Cincinnati, Washington, and Baltimore Railway,220;vs.Standard Oil Company,239,453;senatorial election of 1884,373;Legislature demands investigation of the election of Senator Payne,374;Legislature defeats free pipe-line bill,385;State of,vs.City of Toledo,314;State of,vs.P.C. Boyle,324;distress among oil producers in 1892,456;Legislative report of 1879 on relations of railroads and oil combination,477.Ohio Oil Companyvs.Toledo, Findlay and Springfield Railway,306.Oil, Canada,12;Canada producers attacked by American combination,12.Oil City fire, June 5, 1892,417.Oil combination, parent of trust system,8;founders of,44;and South Improvement Company the same,49;president of, explains its origin,53;contracts with competitors to limit production,61,65;requires monthly reports,62;insists on secrecy,63,65,79;use of spies by,65,298,334;contract in restraint of trade,66;profits of restraint of trade,66,67;restricts its capacity one-half,68;rebates from the railroads,69,474-87;scarcity the object of,72;control of transportation,76;buys out its widow competitor,78;puts her under bonds not to refine,79;binds competitors not to refine,79,80;secret of success, testimony of president,80;value of the "works" of,82;issues $90,000,000 of stock on $6,000,000 of works,82;buys oil plant of Pennsylvania Railroad,88;owns oil cars of New York Central and Erie railroads,92;member of, denies, then admits, rebates,95;receipts from American Transfer Company,100,101;owns United Pipe Lines,101;owns American Transfer Company,101;controls railroads' oil terminal facilities,102;uses railroad terminals to crush opposition,102;forces producers to sell below the market,104;will not pipe or buy oil,106,164;shuts back Ohio oil wells,107;restricts production in Ohio,107;the only buyer of oil in Ohio oil-fields,107;and railroads fight the Tidewater Pipe Line,108;cuts prices of pipeage,109;speculates on its "advance knowledge" of cut in freight rates,110;enters into pool with Tidewater Pipe Line,112;owns National Transit Company,113;had no pipe line to seaboard,116;builds pipe line to seaboard,116;builds pipe lines from rebates given it by railroads,116,118;and railroads advance rates,118;secret contract of 1885 with Pennsylvania Railroad,120;guarantees Pennsylvania Railroad 26 per cent. of the oil traffic,121;and Pennsylvania Railroad advance rates,122;pool with Pennsylvania Railroad,123;advances pipe-line rates,125,126;Interstate Commerce Commission, on discrimination in favor of,130;gets New England business of independents,137;controls seaboard terminals of railroads,142;keeps Oil City and Titusville refineries closed,143;prompts railroad litigation before Interstate Commerce Commission,144;makes contract with producers to shut down wells,153;compels subordinate companies to make monthly reports,155;opposes piping of refined oil,165;owns $40,000,000 in 1883 in Pennsylvania,166;Pennsylvania tax case,166;Clarion County indictment,170;member of, admits rebates,188;president New York and New England Railroad is member of,189;prevents trial of Van Syckel's process of refining,191;member of, forecloses mortgage on Solar refinery,193;"another way of getting rid" of competitors,200;makes money by closing its refineries,201;how its earnings are pooled,201;its freight rates lowered while competitors' rates are raised,202;gets rebate of 25 cents out of 35 cents in freight, paid by competitor,206;not popular in the South,209;competes with grocers,214,300;relations to State inspectors,216,413;denies receipt of discriminating rates,219;Supreme Court of Ohio oil monopoly of,220;denies blind-billing,231;denies receipt of mileage,234;