FOOTNOTES:[1]Annual Report Attorney-General of the United States, 1893.[2]People of the State of New Yorkvs.The North River Sugar Refining Company. Supreme Court of New York—at Circuit (January 9, 1889). New York Senate Trusts, 1889, p. 278.[3]Combinations, by S.C.T. Dodd, p. 19.[4]References:1. Investigation by the Senate of Pennsylvania into the Anthracite Coal Difficulties, 1871.2. Morris Run Coal Companyvs.The Barclay Coal Company. Pennsylvania State Reports, Vol. 68, p. 173.3. Report on the Coal Combination. New York Assembly Committee on Railroads, 1878.4. Labor Troubles in Anthracite Regions, 1887-1888. House of Representatives, 50th Congress, Second Session. Report No. 4147.5. New York Senate Investigation of the Coal Combination, 1892.6. Alleged Coal Combination. House of Representatives, 52d Congress, 2d Session. Report No. 2278. January 18, 1893.7. Coxe Brothers & Co.vs.The Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, before the Interstate Commerce Commission. Report and Opinion of the Commission.8. John C. Haddockvs.Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, before the Interstate Commerce Commission, 1890.9. Hocking Valley Investigation. General Assembly of Ohio, 1885.10. Trusts or Pools. Investigation by Legislature of Ohio, 1889.11. Alleged Combinations in Manufactures, Trade, etc. Dominion House of Commons, 1888.[5]Richardsonvs.Buhlet al.Michigan State Reports, vol. lxxvii., p. 632.[6]Page ii.[7]Page xxii.[8]Coal Combination, Congress, 1893. Testimony of John C. Haddock, pp. 242-261.[9]Same, p. iv.[10]Report, p. xlv.[11]Coal Combination, Congress, 1893, pp. iii., iv., vi.[12]Same, p. i.[13]Same. p. v.[14]Report, pp. xiv., xv., xlix.[15]Combinations, Canadian Parliament, 1888, pp. 5, 6, 7.[16]Report, p. lxx.[17]Investigation by the Senate of Pennsylvania into the Anthracite Coal Difficulties, 1871.[18]Report, pp. lxx., and following.[19]Same, p. lxxvi.[20]Same, p. lxxvii.[21]Report, pp. ix., xciv., and following.[22]Same, p. xlv.[23]Same, p. xiii.[24]Coxe case before Interstate Commerce Commission, Coal Combination, Congress, 1893, p. 183.[25]Same, p. v.[26]Whiskey Trust Investigation. Committee on the Judiciary Report, March 1, 1893. 52d Congress, 2d Session, House of Representatives, Report No. 2601, p. 16 and following.[27]Same testimony, p. 28.[28]Whiskey Trust Investigation, Congress, 1893, p. 62.[29]Whiskey Trust Investigation, Congress, 1893, pp. 14, 15.[30]Report of the Investigating Committee appointed by the Legislature of Minnesota of 1891, to determine whether wheat was taken without inspection from a public elevator in Duluth. April 7, 1892, p. 11.[31]Trusts, New York Senate, 1891, pp. 9, 11.[32]Meat Products, United States Senate, 51st Congress, 1st Session, Report No. 829, 1890, p. 2.[33]New York Assembly, "Hepburn Report," 1879, p. 70.[34]Meat Products, United States Senate, 1890, p. 3.[35]Meat Products, United States Senate, 1890, pp. 1, 2.[36]Meat Products, United States Senate, 1890, p. 6.[37]Meat Products, United States Senate, 1890, Testimony, pp. 464, 465.[38]Meat Products, United States Senate, 1890.[39]Trusts, New York Senate, 1888. Combinations, Canadian Parliament, 1888.[40]F.H. Storer,American Journal of Science, vol. xxx., 1860.[41]Petroleum and Its Products, by S.F. Peckham, U.S. Census, 1885, p. 159.[42]Petroleum and Its Products, by S.F. Peckham, U.S. Census, 1885, p. 160.[43]Testimony of Simon Bernheimer, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 3549 and following.[44]Petroleum and Its Products, by S.F. Peckham, U.S. Census, 1885, p. 93.[45]Same, p. 93.[46]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 214.[47]TitusvilleMorning Herald, March 20, 1872.[48]Testimony, Erie Investigation, New York Assembly, 1873, p. 418.[49]Testimony of Simon Bernheimer, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 3548.[50]Testimony, Freight Discriminations, Ohio House of Representatives, 1879, pp. 184-5.[51]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 304.[52]Testimony, Pennsylvania Tax Case, 1883, p. 486.[53]This contract is printed in full in Exhibits, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 418-51, and Trust Report, Congress, 1888, pp. 357-61.[54]Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 353.[55]Art. 2, sec. 3.[56]Art. 2, sec. 4.[57]Art. 2, sec. 5.[58]Art. 2, Sec. 4.[59]The same.[60]Art. 2, Sec. 8.[61]Art. 2, Sec. 5.[62]Art. 3.[63]Art. 4.[64]Exhibits, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, pp. 418-51.[65]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 1566.[66]Testimony, Erie Investigation, New York Assembly, 1873, p. 300.[67]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 42.[68]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, Exhibits, p. 418.[69]Report of the Executive Committee of the Petroleum Producers' Union, 1872, p. 23.[70]Testimony, Ohio House of Representatives, 1879, p. 237.[71]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2525.[72]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2527.[73]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 2525-35.[74]See ch. xxxii. for "the state of the business" "unproductive of profit."[75]Standard Oil Companyvs.W.C. Scofieldet al.Court of Common Pleas, Cuyahoga County, O. Affidavit of the President of the Standard Oil Company.[76]11 Harris.[77]Debates of the Constitutional Convention of Pennsylvania, 1873, v. 3, pp. 522-3.[78]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2766.[79]Report of Executive Committee of the Petroleum Producers' Union, 1872.[80]See ch. xxxiii.[81]Report Executive Committee Petroleum Producers' Union, 1872.[82]Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 290.[83]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 420.[84]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 289.[85]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroad Companyet al., 1879, p. 707.[86]Report Executive Committee Petroleum Producers' Union, 1872.[87]Exhibit A, Answer of Defendants, Case of Standard Oil Companyvs.W.C. Scofieldet al., Cleveland, 1880.[88]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 385.[89]Exhibit A, Answer of Defendants, Case of Standard Oil Companyvs.W.C. Scofieldet al., Cleveland, 1880, Section 7.[90]Affidavits of the defendants.[91]Affidavits of the defendants.[92]Affidavits of the defendants.[93]Same.[94]Same.[95]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 547.[96]Petition for Relief and Injunction, Standard Oil Companyvs.W.C. Scofieldet al., etc.[97]Affidavits of the defendants.[98]Combinations, etc., S.C.T. Dodd, p. 25.[99]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 422.[100]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 772.[101]Affidavit of Levi T. Scofield.[102]Exhibit A, etc., Section 12.[103]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, pp. 388, 421.[104]Scofieldet al.vs.Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway Company, 43 Ohio State Report, p. 571.[105]See ch. xxvii.[106]See ch. xxvii.[107]See Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 800.[108]Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, Testimony, p. 472.[109]Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1879, Testimony, p. 490.[110]Report Executive Committee Petroleum Producers' Union, 1872.[111]See ch. xxxi.[112]GlasgowHerald, June 16, 1892.[113]Affidavit, Oct. 18, 1880, Case of Standard Oil Companyvs.W.C. Scofieldet al., Cleveland, 1880.[114]Affidavit, Nov. 17, 1880.[115]Affidavit, Nov. 30, 1880.[116]Affidavit, May 1, 1880.[117]See chapter "Not to Exceed Half."[118]Affidavit, May 1, 1880.[119]Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroad Companyet al., Testimony, p. 751.[120]Exhibit A, Affidavit, October 18, 1880.[121]See ch. xxvii.[122]See ch. xviii. and following.[123]Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 363.[124]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 1693.[125]Rutter Circular, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 363.[126]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 44.[127]Rutter Circular, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 363.[128]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 1596.[129]Same, Report, p. 43.[130]Same, Testimony, p. 3429.[131]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 2792-95.[132]Same, p. 2795.[133]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 445.[134]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 670.[135]Testimony of A.J. Cassatt, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, pp. 666, 669, 671.[136]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 44.[137]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, etc., 1879, p. 665.[138]Appeal to the Executive of Pennsylvania, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 354.[139]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 735.[140]Same, p. 672.[141]Same, p. 460.[142]See ch. vi.[143]Standard Oil Companyvs.W.C. Scofieldet al.Affidavit of the treasurer of the Standard.[144]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 771-72.[145]For the full report of these remarkable interviews with the President and Third Vice-President of the Pennsylvania Railroad see Testimony, Investigation Pennsylvania Secretary of Internal Affairs, 1878, pp. 47et seq., 60et seq.; Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, pp. 160et seq., 204et seq., 237et seq.[146]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 225-26.[147]Testimony, Investigation, Pennsylvania Secretary of Internal Affairs, 1878, pp. 49, 59; Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 710, 3548-56; Exhibits, same, p. 176; Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 247.[148]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, p. 712.[149]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 720.[150]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 445.[151]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, pp. 725-26.[152]Exhibits, pp. 453-514.[153]Testimony, pp. 174-207.[154]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 11.[155]Same, p. 352.[156]Same, p. 510.[157]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 420.[158]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 374.[159]Testimony, Discriminations in Freight Rates, Ohio House of Representatives, 1879, pp. 181-85.[160]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 800.[161]Exhibits, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 238-45.[162]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, Exhibits, pp. 479-514.[163]This was always denied by the New York Central. "I never heard of the American Transfer Company," Vanderbilt told the New York Legislature. "I don't know that we ever paid the American Transfer Company a dollar. If we did, I have no knowledge of it." New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 1577.
[1]Annual Report Attorney-General of the United States, 1893.
[1]Annual Report Attorney-General of the United States, 1893.
[2]People of the State of New Yorkvs.The North River Sugar Refining Company. Supreme Court of New York—at Circuit (January 9, 1889). New York Senate Trusts, 1889, p. 278.
[2]People of the State of New Yorkvs.The North River Sugar Refining Company. Supreme Court of New York—at Circuit (January 9, 1889). New York Senate Trusts, 1889, p. 278.
[3]Combinations, by S.C.T. Dodd, p. 19.
[3]Combinations, by S.C.T. Dodd, p. 19.
[4]References:1. Investigation by the Senate of Pennsylvania into the Anthracite Coal Difficulties, 1871.2. Morris Run Coal Companyvs.The Barclay Coal Company. Pennsylvania State Reports, Vol. 68, p. 173.3. Report on the Coal Combination. New York Assembly Committee on Railroads, 1878.4. Labor Troubles in Anthracite Regions, 1887-1888. House of Representatives, 50th Congress, Second Session. Report No. 4147.5. New York Senate Investigation of the Coal Combination, 1892.6. Alleged Coal Combination. House of Representatives, 52d Congress, 2d Session. Report No. 2278. January 18, 1893.7. Coxe Brothers & Co.vs.The Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, before the Interstate Commerce Commission. Report and Opinion of the Commission.8. John C. Haddockvs.Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, before the Interstate Commerce Commission, 1890.9. Hocking Valley Investigation. General Assembly of Ohio, 1885.10. Trusts or Pools. Investigation by Legislature of Ohio, 1889.11. Alleged Combinations in Manufactures, Trade, etc. Dominion House of Commons, 1888.
[4]References:
1. Investigation by the Senate of Pennsylvania into the Anthracite Coal Difficulties, 1871.
2. Morris Run Coal Companyvs.The Barclay Coal Company. Pennsylvania State Reports, Vol. 68, p. 173.
3. Report on the Coal Combination. New York Assembly Committee on Railroads, 1878.
4. Labor Troubles in Anthracite Regions, 1887-1888. House of Representatives, 50th Congress, Second Session. Report No. 4147.
5. New York Senate Investigation of the Coal Combination, 1892.
6. Alleged Coal Combination. House of Representatives, 52d Congress, 2d Session. Report No. 2278. January 18, 1893.
7. Coxe Brothers & Co.vs.The Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, before the Interstate Commerce Commission. Report and Opinion of the Commission.
8. John C. Haddockvs.Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, before the Interstate Commerce Commission, 1890.
9. Hocking Valley Investigation. General Assembly of Ohio, 1885.
10. Trusts or Pools. Investigation by Legislature of Ohio, 1889.
11. Alleged Combinations in Manufactures, Trade, etc. Dominion House of Commons, 1888.
[5]Richardsonvs.Buhlet al.Michigan State Reports, vol. lxxvii., p. 632.
[5]Richardsonvs.Buhlet al.Michigan State Reports, vol. lxxvii., p. 632.
[6]Page ii.
[6]Page ii.
[7]Page xxii.
[7]Page xxii.
[8]Coal Combination, Congress, 1893. Testimony of John C. Haddock, pp. 242-261.
[8]Coal Combination, Congress, 1893. Testimony of John C. Haddock, pp. 242-261.
[9]Same, p. iv.
[9]Same, p. iv.
[10]Report, p. xlv.
[10]Report, p. xlv.
[11]Coal Combination, Congress, 1893, pp. iii., iv., vi.
[11]Coal Combination, Congress, 1893, pp. iii., iv., vi.
[12]Same, p. i.
[12]Same, p. i.
[13]Same. p. v.
[13]Same. p. v.
[14]Report, pp. xiv., xv., xlix.
[14]Report, pp. xiv., xv., xlix.
[15]Combinations, Canadian Parliament, 1888, pp. 5, 6, 7.
[15]Combinations, Canadian Parliament, 1888, pp. 5, 6, 7.
[16]Report, p. lxx.
[16]Report, p. lxx.
[17]Investigation by the Senate of Pennsylvania into the Anthracite Coal Difficulties, 1871.
[17]Investigation by the Senate of Pennsylvania into the Anthracite Coal Difficulties, 1871.
[18]Report, pp. lxx., and following.
[18]Report, pp. lxx., and following.
[19]Same, p. lxxvi.
[19]Same, p. lxxvi.
[20]Same, p. lxxvii.
[20]Same, p. lxxvii.
[21]Report, pp. ix., xciv., and following.
[21]Report, pp. ix., xciv., and following.
[22]Same, p. xlv.
[22]Same, p. xlv.
[23]Same, p. xiii.
[23]Same, p. xiii.
[24]Coxe case before Interstate Commerce Commission, Coal Combination, Congress, 1893, p. 183.
[24]Coxe case before Interstate Commerce Commission, Coal Combination, Congress, 1893, p. 183.
[25]Same, p. v.
[25]Same, p. v.
[26]Whiskey Trust Investigation. Committee on the Judiciary Report, March 1, 1893. 52d Congress, 2d Session, House of Representatives, Report No. 2601, p. 16 and following.
[26]Whiskey Trust Investigation. Committee on the Judiciary Report, March 1, 1893. 52d Congress, 2d Session, House of Representatives, Report No. 2601, p. 16 and following.
[27]Same testimony, p. 28.
[27]Same testimony, p. 28.
[28]Whiskey Trust Investigation, Congress, 1893, p. 62.
[28]Whiskey Trust Investigation, Congress, 1893, p. 62.
[29]Whiskey Trust Investigation, Congress, 1893, pp. 14, 15.
[29]Whiskey Trust Investigation, Congress, 1893, pp. 14, 15.
[30]Report of the Investigating Committee appointed by the Legislature of Minnesota of 1891, to determine whether wheat was taken without inspection from a public elevator in Duluth. April 7, 1892, p. 11.
[30]Report of the Investigating Committee appointed by the Legislature of Minnesota of 1891, to determine whether wheat was taken without inspection from a public elevator in Duluth. April 7, 1892, p. 11.
[31]Trusts, New York Senate, 1891, pp. 9, 11.
[31]Trusts, New York Senate, 1891, pp. 9, 11.
[32]Meat Products, United States Senate, 51st Congress, 1st Session, Report No. 829, 1890, p. 2.
[32]Meat Products, United States Senate, 51st Congress, 1st Session, Report No. 829, 1890, p. 2.
[33]New York Assembly, "Hepburn Report," 1879, p. 70.
[33]New York Assembly, "Hepburn Report," 1879, p. 70.
[34]Meat Products, United States Senate, 1890, p. 3.
[34]Meat Products, United States Senate, 1890, p. 3.
[35]Meat Products, United States Senate, 1890, pp. 1, 2.
[35]Meat Products, United States Senate, 1890, pp. 1, 2.
[36]Meat Products, United States Senate, 1890, p. 6.
[36]Meat Products, United States Senate, 1890, p. 6.
[37]Meat Products, United States Senate, 1890, Testimony, pp. 464, 465.
[37]Meat Products, United States Senate, 1890, Testimony, pp. 464, 465.
[38]Meat Products, United States Senate, 1890.
[38]Meat Products, United States Senate, 1890.
[39]Trusts, New York Senate, 1888. Combinations, Canadian Parliament, 1888.
[39]Trusts, New York Senate, 1888. Combinations, Canadian Parliament, 1888.
[40]F.H. Storer,American Journal of Science, vol. xxx., 1860.
[40]F.H. Storer,American Journal of Science, vol. xxx., 1860.
[41]Petroleum and Its Products, by S.F. Peckham, U.S. Census, 1885, p. 159.
[41]Petroleum and Its Products, by S.F. Peckham, U.S. Census, 1885, p. 159.
[42]Petroleum and Its Products, by S.F. Peckham, U.S. Census, 1885, p. 160.
[42]Petroleum and Its Products, by S.F. Peckham, U.S. Census, 1885, p. 160.
[43]Testimony of Simon Bernheimer, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 3549 and following.
[43]Testimony of Simon Bernheimer, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 3549 and following.
[44]Petroleum and Its Products, by S.F. Peckham, U.S. Census, 1885, p. 93.
[44]Petroleum and Its Products, by S.F. Peckham, U.S. Census, 1885, p. 93.
[45]Same, p. 93.
[45]Same, p. 93.
[46]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 214.
[46]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 214.
[47]TitusvilleMorning Herald, March 20, 1872.
[47]TitusvilleMorning Herald, March 20, 1872.
[48]Testimony, Erie Investigation, New York Assembly, 1873, p. 418.
[48]Testimony, Erie Investigation, New York Assembly, 1873, p. 418.
[49]Testimony of Simon Bernheimer, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 3548.
[49]Testimony of Simon Bernheimer, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 3548.
[50]Testimony, Freight Discriminations, Ohio House of Representatives, 1879, pp. 184-5.
[50]Testimony, Freight Discriminations, Ohio House of Representatives, 1879, pp. 184-5.
[51]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 304.
[51]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 304.
[52]Testimony, Pennsylvania Tax Case, 1883, p. 486.
[52]Testimony, Pennsylvania Tax Case, 1883, p. 486.
[53]This contract is printed in full in Exhibits, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 418-51, and Trust Report, Congress, 1888, pp. 357-61.
[53]This contract is printed in full in Exhibits, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 418-51, and Trust Report, Congress, 1888, pp. 357-61.
[54]Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 353.
[54]Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 353.
[55]Art. 2, sec. 3.
[55]Art. 2, sec. 3.
[56]Art. 2, sec. 4.
[56]Art. 2, sec. 4.
[57]Art. 2, sec. 5.
[57]Art. 2, sec. 5.
[58]Art. 2, Sec. 4.
[58]Art. 2, Sec. 4.
[59]The same.
[59]The same.
[60]Art. 2, Sec. 8.
[60]Art. 2, Sec. 8.
[61]Art. 2, Sec. 5.
[61]Art. 2, Sec. 5.
[62]Art. 3.
[62]Art. 3.
[63]Art. 4.
[63]Art. 4.
[64]Exhibits, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, pp. 418-51.
[64]Exhibits, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, pp. 418-51.
[65]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 1566.
[65]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 1566.
[66]Testimony, Erie Investigation, New York Assembly, 1873, p. 300.
[66]Testimony, Erie Investigation, New York Assembly, 1873, p. 300.
[67]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 42.
[67]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 42.
[68]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, Exhibits, p. 418.
[68]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, Exhibits, p. 418.
[69]Report of the Executive Committee of the Petroleum Producers' Union, 1872, p. 23.
[69]Report of the Executive Committee of the Petroleum Producers' Union, 1872, p. 23.
[70]Testimony, Ohio House of Representatives, 1879, p. 237.
[70]Testimony, Ohio House of Representatives, 1879, p. 237.
[71]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2525.
[71]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2525.
[72]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2527.
[72]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2527.
[73]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 2525-35.
[73]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 2525-35.
[74]See ch. xxxii. for "the state of the business" "unproductive of profit."
[74]See ch. xxxii. for "the state of the business" "unproductive of profit."
[75]Standard Oil Companyvs.W.C. Scofieldet al.Court of Common Pleas, Cuyahoga County, O. Affidavit of the President of the Standard Oil Company.
[75]Standard Oil Companyvs.W.C. Scofieldet al.Court of Common Pleas, Cuyahoga County, O. Affidavit of the President of the Standard Oil Company.
[76]11 Harris.
[76]11 Harris.
[77]Debates of the Constitutional Convention of Pennsylvania, 1873, v. 3, pp. 522-3.
[77]Debates of the Constitutional Convention of Pennsylvania, 1873, v. 3, pp. 522-3.
[78]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2766.
[78]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 2766.
[79]Report of Executive Committee of the Petroleum Producers' Union, 1872.
[79]Report of Executive Committee of the Petroleum Producers' Union, 1872.
[80]See ch. xxxiii.
[80]See ch. xxxiii.
[81]Report Executive Committee Petroleum Producers' Union, 1872.
[81]Report Executive Committee Petroleum Producers' Union, 1872.
[82]Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 290.
[82]Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 290.
[83]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 420.
[83]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 420.
[84]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 289.
[84]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 289.
[85]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroad Companyet al., 1879, p. 707.
[85]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroad Companyet al., 1879, p. 707.
[86]Report Executive Committee Petroleum Producers' Union, 1872.
[86]Report Executive Committee Petroleum Producers' Union, 1872.
[87]Exhibit A, Answer of Defendants, Case of Standard Oil Companyvs.W.C. Scofieldet al., Cleveland, 1880.
[87]Exhibit A, Answer of Defendants, Case of Standard Oil Companyvs.W.C. Scofieldet al., Cleveland, 1880.
[88]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 385.
[88]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 385.
[89]Exhibit A, Answer of Defendants, Case of Standard Oil Companyvs.W.C. Scofieldet al., Cleveland, 1880, Section 7.
[89]Exhibit A, Answer of Defendants, Case of Standard Oil Companyvs.W.C. Scofieldet al., Cleveland, 1880, Section 7.
[90]Affidavits of the defendants.
[90]Affidavits of the defendants.
[91]Affidavits of the defendants.
[91]Affidavits of the defendants.
[92]Affidavits of the defendants.
[92]Affidavits of the defendants.
[93]Same.
[93]Same.
[94]Same.
[94]Same.
[95]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 547.
[95]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 547.
[96]Petition for Relief and Injunction, Standard Oil Companyvs.W.C. Scofieldet al., etc.
[96]Petition for Relief and Injunction, Standard Oil Companyvs.W.C. Scofieldet al., etc.
[97]Affidavits of the defendants.
[97]Affidavits of the defendants.
[98]Combinations, etc., S.C.T. Dodd, p. 25.
[98]Combinations, etc., S.C.T. Dodd, p. 25.
[99]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 422.
[99]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 422.
[100]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 772.
[100]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 772.
[101]Affidavit of Levi T. Scofield.
[101]Affidavit of Levi T. Scofield.
[102]Exhibit A, etc., Section 12.
[102]Exhibit A, etc., Section 12.
[103]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, pp. 388, 421.
[103]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, pp. 388, 421.
[104]Scofieldet al.vs.Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway Company, 43 Ohio State Report, p. 571.
[104]Scofieldet al.vs.Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway Company, 43 Ohio State Report, p. 571.
[105]See ch. xxvii.
[105]See ch. xxvii.
[106]See ch. xxvii.
[106]See ch. xxvii.
[107]See Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 800.
[107]See Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 800.
[108]Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, Testimony, p. 472.
[108]Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, Testimony, p. 472.
[109]Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1879, Testimony, p. 490.
[109]Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1879, Testimony, p. 490.
[110]Report Executive Committee Petroleum Producers' Union, 1872.
[110]Report Executive Committee Petroleum Producers' Union, 1872.
[111]See ch. xxxi.
[111]See ch. xxxi.
[112]GlasgowHerald, June 16, 1892.
[112]GlasgowHerald, June 16, 1892.
[113]Affidavit, Oct. 18, 1880, Case of Standard Oil Companyvs.W.C. Scofieldet al., Cleveland, 1880.
[113]Affidavit, Oct. 18, 1880, Case of Standard Oil Companyvs.W.C. Scofieldet al., Cleveland, 1880.
[114]Affidavit, Nov. 17, 1880.
[114]Affidavit, Nov. 17, 1880.
[115]Affidavit, Nov. 30, 1880.
[115]Affidavit, Nov. 30, 1880.
[116]Affidavit, May 1, 1880.
[116]Affidavit, May 1, 1880.
[117]See chapter "Not to Exceed Half."
[117]See chapter "Not to Exceed Half."
[118]Affidavit, May 1, 1880.
[118]Affidavit, May 1, 1880.
[119]Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroad Companyet al., Testimony, p. 751.
[119]Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroad Companyet al., Testimony, p. 751.
[120]Exhibit A, Affidavit, October 18, 1880.
[120]Exhibit A, Affidavit, October 18, 1880.
[121]See ch. xxvii.
[121]See ch. xxvii.
[122]See ch. xviii. and following.
[122]See ch. xviii. and following.
[123]Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 363.
[123]Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 363.
[124]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 1693.
[124]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 1693.
[125]Rutter Circular, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 363.
[125]Rutter Circular, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 363.
[126]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 44.
[126]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 44.
[127]Rutter Circular, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 363.
[127]Rutter Circular, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 363.
[128]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 1596.
[128]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 1596.
[129]Same, Report, p. 43.
[129]Same, Report, p. 43.
[130]Same, Testimony, p. 3429.
[130]Same, Testimony, p. 3429.
[131]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 2792-95.
[131]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 2792-95.
[132]Same, p. 2795.
[132]Same, p. 2795.
[133]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 445.
[133]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 445.
[134]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 670.
[134]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 670.
[135]Testimony of A.J. Cassatt, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, pp. 666, 669, 671.
[135]Testimony of A.J. Cassatt, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, pp. 666, 669, 671.
[136]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 44.
[136]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 44.
[137]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, etc., 1879, p. 665.
[137]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, etc., 1879, p. 665.
[138]Appeal to the Executive of Pennsylvania, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 354.
[138]Appeal to the Executive of Pennsylvania, Trusts, Congress, 1888, p. 354.
[139]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 735.
[139]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 735.
[140]Same, p. 672.
[140]Same, p. 672.
[141]Same, p. 460.
[141]Same, p. 460.
[142]See ch. vi.
[142]See ch. vi.
[143]Standard Oil Companyvs.W.C. Scofieldet al.Affidavit of the treasurer of the Standard.
[143]Standard Oil Companyvs.W.C. Scofieldet al.Affidavit of the treasurer of the Standard.
[144]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 771-72.
[144]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 771-72.
[145]For the full report of these remarkable interviews with the President and Third Vice-President of the Pennsylvania Railroad see Testimony, Investigation Pennsylvania Secretary of Internal Affairs, 1878, pp. 47et seq., 60et seq.; Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, pp. 160et seq., 204et seq., 237et seq.
[145]For the full report of these remarkable interviews with the President and Third Vice-President of the Pennsylvania Railroad see Testimony, Investigation Pennsylvania Secretary of Internal Affairs, 1878, pp. 47et seq., 60et seq.; Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, pp. 160et seq., 204et seq., 237et seq.
[146]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 225-26.
[146]Testimony, Trusts, Congress, 1888, pp. 225-26.
[147]Testimony, Investigation, Pennsylvania Secretary of Internal Affairs, 1878, pp. 49, 59; Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 710, 3548-56; Exhibits, same, p. 176; Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 247.
[147]Testimony, Investigation, Pennsylvania Secretary of Internal Affairs, 1878, pp. 49, 59; Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 710, 3548-56; Exhibits, same, p. 176; Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 247.
[148]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, p. 712.
[148]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, p. 712.
[149]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 720.
[149]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 720.
[150]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 445.
[150]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 445.
[151]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, pp. 725-26.
[151]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, pp. 725-26.
[152]Exhibits, pp. 453-514.
[152]Exhibits, pp. 453-514.
[153]Testimony, pp. 174-207.
[153]Testimony, pp. 174-207.
[154]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 11.
[154]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 11.
[155]Same, p. 352.
[155]Same, p. 352.
[156]Same, p. 510.
[156]Same, p. 510.
[157]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 420.
[157]Testimony, Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, p. 420.
[158]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 374.
[158]Testimony, Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniavs.Pennsylvania Railroadet al., 1879, p. 374.
[159]Testimony, Discriminations in Freight Rates, Ohio House of Representatives, 1879, pp. 181-85.
[159]Testimony, Discriminations in Freight Rates, Ohio House of Representatives, 1879, pp. 181-85.
[160]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 800.
[160]Testimony, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 800.
[161]Exhibits, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 238-45.
[161]Exhibits, New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, pp. 238-45.
[162]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, Exhibits, pp. 479-514.
[162]New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, Exhibits, pp. 479-514.
[163]This was always denied by the New York Central. "I never heard of the American Transfer Company," Vanderbilt told the New York Legislature. "I don't know that we ever paid the American Transfer Company a dollar. If we did, I have no knowledge of it." New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 1577.
[163]This was always denied by the New York Central. "I never heard of the American Transfer Company," Vanderbilt told the New York Legislature. "I don't know that we ever paid the American Transfer Company a dollar. If we did, I have no knowledge of it." New York Assembly "Hepburn" Report, 1879, p. 1577.