[303]Campbell,op. cit., viii, 145, 147.[304]"H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 27.[305]For the instructions see E. Smith, "The Story of the English Jacobins," 87.[306]"State Trials," xxiii, 414.[307]J. Gerrald had published a pamphlet, "A Convention the only Means of saving us from Ruin" (1793). It is in the British Museum.[308]"H. O.," Scotland, 9.[309]"State Trials," xxiii, 766.[310]"Auckland Journals," iii, 205.[311]"Arniston Mems.," 242.[312]E. Smith, "The Eng. Jacobins," 93–7.[313]See "Report of the Committee of Secrecy" (17th May 1794).[314]C. Cestre, "John Thelwall," 77.[315]"H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 30.[316]"State Trials," xxiii, 1055–1166. For technical reasons this statement of Booth could not be given at Walker's trial. Besides Walker's Constitutional Society, there were two others, the Reformation and Patriotic Societies, founded in March and April 1792.[317]See E. Smith, "The Eng. Jacobins," ch. vi, for the meetings at Sheffield and the part played by Yorke.[318]"H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 31.[319]Ibid., 27, 29. Spence purveyed "Pigs' Meat," while Eaton sold "Hogs' Wash." The titles are a take-off of Burke's phrase "the swinish multitude."[320]I.e., similar to the one passed in Dublin against a People's Convention.[321]"Report of the Parl. Comm. of Secrecy" (17th May 1794).[322]"Parl. Hist.," xxx, 1363–91; xxxi, 1–27.[323]Ibid., xxxi, 97–121.[324]"Morning Chronicle" for April 1794.[325]"H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 30.[326]"Auckland Journals," iii, 213.[327]"State Trials," xxiv, 588, 600, 601.[328]"State Trials," xxiv, 626.[329]E. Smith, "Eng. Jacobins," 116.[330]"Parl. Hist.," xxxi, 475–97.[331]"Life of Horne Tooke," ii, 119. It was afterwards absurdly said that Dundas, Horne Tooke's neighbour at Wimbledon, had had the letter filched from his house. Both of them lived on the west side of the "green."[332]"Parl. Hist.," xxxi, 497–505.[333]"Life of T. Hardy," 42; "State Trials," xxiv, 717, 729, 762, etc. The evidence fills 1,207 pages.[334]Ibid., 1–200.[335]"Troilus and Cressida," act i, sc. 3.[336]"Dropmore P.," ii, 452.[337]Thugut in the autumn of 1793 sketched a scheme for annexing the north of France from the Somme to Sedan.[338]"Dropmore P.," ii, 628. So, too, Morton Eden wrote to Grenville on 1st January 1793: "The steadfastness of the Emperor does not equal his moral rectitude" ("F. O.," Austria, 32).[339]"Dropmore P.," ii, 491; "Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 17–19, 69.[340]"Dropmore P.," ii, 494; "Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 31,et seq.[341]"Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 50; Sorel, iv, 17.[342]Seeley, "Stein," i, 65.[343]"F. O.," Austria, 36. Eden to Grenville, 15th and 27th February.[344]"Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 81, 82.[345]Sorel, iv, 13.[346]Vivenot, iii, 89–96; "Dropmore P.," ii, 505–7.[347]"F. O.," Austria, 36, Eden to Grenville, 31st March, 9th April. See, too, Vivenot, iii, 172, for proofs that Kosciusko sought to delay the rising, and looked to Vienna for help against Russia and Prussia.[348]"Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 85, 89.[349]"Dropmore P.," ii, 516.[350]"F. O.," Prussia, 33. Grenville to Malmesbury, 21st April.[351]Ibid., Same to same, 23rd May.[352]"Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 96.[353]"W. O.," I, 169. See an admirable article in the "United Service Mag." (Aug. 1897), by Colonel E. M. Lloyd, founded on the papers of General Sir James Craig, Adjutant-General of the Duke of York.[354]"Parl. Hist.," xxxii, 1132.[355]"Dropmore P.," ii, 599.[356]"F. O.," Austria, 38. Despatch of 19th July.[357]Pitt MSS., 180. See, too, "Dropmore P.," ii, 617–20, 626.[358]See "Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies" for Grenville's letters. Pitt was the guest of Grenville at Dropmore at the end of November 1794 ("Buckingham P.," ii, 319).[359]"F. O.," Prussia, 35. Malmesbury to Grenville, 25th November 1794.[360]See "Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies" for this letter.[361]"Dropmore P.," iii, 26–30, 50, 57.[362]Ranke, "Hardenberg," i, 258; "Paget P.," i, 95,et seq.[363]See "Eng. Hist. Rev.," October 1909.[364]"Dropmore P.," ii, 395, 438, 443, 444, 464.[365]Pitt MSS., 349.[366]Pitt MSS., 121.[367]"F. O.," France, 40.[368]Malouet, "Méms.," ii, 209–11; Morse Stephens, "French Rev.," ii, 481–4; "Dropmore P.," ii, 388.[369]Fortescue, iv, pt. i, 77, 78.[370]"Dropmore P.," ii, 402, 403.[371]Pitt MSS., 349.[372]Pitt MSS., 155, 349. In the latter packet is Malouet's letter of 10th March 1793 from Kingston, Jamaica, to M. Franklyn at London, dwelling on the woes of San Domingo and Martinique—all due to the folly and wickedness of one man, probably Brissot. He despairs of the French West Indies. See, too, "Dropmore P.," ii, 388.[373]Pitt MSS., 349.[374]"Parl. Hist.," xxxiii, 586.[375]The facts stated above suffice to refute the strange statement of Mr. Morse Stephens ("Fr. Rev.," ii, 476) that the English invasion of San Domingo was "absurd." It was not an invasion, but an occupation of the coast towns after scarcely any resistance.[376]"Dropmore P.," ii, 443, 454, 464.[377]Fortescue, iv, pt. i, chs. xiii, xiv; James, i, 250–2.[378]Pinckard, "Notes on the Expedition to the West Indies," ii, especially Letter 15.[379]Bryan Edwards, "Hist. Survey of S. Domingo" (1801), 204. Fortescue (iv, 385) assesses the British losses in the West Indies in 1794 at 12,000 men, apart from deaths in battle.[380]Pitt MSS., 121.[381]"F. O.," Spain, 28. Grenville to St. Helens, 30th November 1793. On 1st October Pitt pressed Grenville to open this question to the Spanish Court ("Dropmore P.," ii, 433, 438).[382]"H. O." (Secretaries of State), 5.[383]Pitt MSS., 349. He added that in 1788, 584 European and 699 American ships set sail from Hayti: 37,447 negroes were imported.[384]"F. O.," Spain, 36. Bute to Grenville, 26th June 1795.[385]"F. O.," Spain, 36. Jackson to Grenville, 2nd January and 11th February 1795.[386]"F. O.," Spain, 37. Grenville to Bute, 5th, 12th, and 19th June.[387]Del Cantillo, "Tratados," 660.[388]"Papiers de Barthélemy," vi, Introd., xv, 71, 77–85.[389]"W. O.," vi, 6, which contains other despatches of Dundas cited later.[390]"Diary of Sir John Moore," i, 208, 221, 233, 243; ii, 18, 19.[391]"Diary of Sir John Moore," 2 vols. Edited by General Maurice.[392]"F. O.," Spain, 39, 40. Merry to Grenville, 20th and 25th December and 19th January, 10th February, 6th and 29th March.[393]"Dropmore P.," iii, 214.[394]"F. O.," Spain, 44. Bute to Grenville, 10th September and 21st October.[395]For the disgust of Pitt and Dundas, see "Dropmore P.," iii, 390.[396]Malouet wrote to Pitt on 24th June 1798: "The wisdom of General Maitland's measures, the perfect order in which he has conducted the operations have lessened the disasters attending it, and by means of a truce and convention agreed on with the Republican chiefs, not an inconsiderable number of inhabitants has been induced to remain on their plantations" (Pitt MSS., 146).[397]"F. O.," Holland, 57.[398]"Cape Records," i, 98.[399]"W. O.," vi, 67.[400]"Cape Records," i, 17, 22.[401]"Cape Records," i, 23–6, 138–40; Cory, "Rise of South Africa," i, ch. ii.[402]"W. O.," i, 323. In "F. O.," Holland, 57, is a memorial of Elphinstone and Craig to Grenville, stating why they had detained at the Cape the U. S. ship "Argonaut," whose owners now prosecuted them for £100,000.[403]"South Africa a Century ago." By Lady Anne Barnard.[404]"F. O.," Prussia, 70. Pitt to Harrowby, 27th October 1805.[405]"Nelson Despatches," ii, 5.[406]"Corresp. of Sir John Sinclair," i, 141–3.[407]Puisaye, "Mems.," ii, 594–603; Forneron, "Hist. des Emigrés," ii, 13, 14.[408]Cornwallis, "Corresp.," iii, 289.[409]"F. O.," France, 44. Grenville to d'Harcourt, 19th June 1795.[410]On 19th January 1798 Pitt, Windham, and Canning agreed to give £9,082 and £9,400 for the discharge of debts due for services of the Royalists in France, incurred in England and France respectively, leaving a balance of £8,000 for future payment. The following sums were paid to the Duc d'Harcourt for the support of "Monsieur": in 1796, £3,000; in 1797, £9,000; and after May 1798 at the rate of £500 per month (B.M. Add. MSS., 37844). I have not found the sums allowed to the Comte d'Artois.[411]"Diary of a Tour through Great Britain in 1795," by W. MacRitchie (1897).[412]"Dropmore P.," ii, 172.[413]In "H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 27, are Dundas's instructions to Moira, dated 20th November 1793, appointing him Major-General in an expedition to Guernsey, with Admiral MacBride, taking with him a Hessian corps as soon as it arrives. He is to seize St. Malo or any place near it suitable for helping the Royalists and harassing the enemy. If he deems success doubtful, he is to await reinforcements. The aim is to help the cause of Louis XVII and lead to a general pacification.[414]"Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 96–8.[415]Chevening MSS.[416]Pretyman MSS.[417]"Cornwallis Corresp.," ii, 289.[418]"Life of Wilberforce," ii, 92.[419]Sorel, v, 41; "Wickham Corresp.," i, 269–74, 343. Some mis-statements of Sorel may be noted here. On pp. 39, 40 of vol. v he states that Pitt was intent on acquiring Malta and Egypt (though he was then in doubt whether to retain Corsica): also that, after the insult to George III in London on 29th October 1795, Pitt proposed a loan of £18,000,000 and new taxes, which Parliament refused. The facts are that Pitt asked for that loan on 7th December 1796, and it was subscribed in twenty-two hours. On the same day Parliament voted the new taxes.[420]B.M. Add. MSS., 27808.[421]"H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 36.[422]"H. O.," (Departmental), Secs. of State.[423]B.M. Add. MSS., 27808; "Hist. of the Two Acts," 330et seq.[424]Pitt MSS., 190; "W. O.," 113.[425]"H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 36.[426]"Parl. Hist.," xxxii, 235–42, 687–700, 1156; Tooke, "Hist. of Prices," i, 185et seq.; Porter, "Progress of the Nation," 147, 452.[427]"Dropmore P.," iii, 87, 243, 526–30; "Report of the American Hist. Assoc." (1903), ii, 67–9, 354, 375, 440et seq., 552–8; E. Channing, "United States," 148–50; Cunningham, 512, 694.[428]"Mems. of Sir John Sinclair," i, ch. iv; ii, ch. i.[429]"Mems. of Sir John Sinclair," ii, 60–4, 104; Sinclair, "Address ... on the Cultivation of Waste Lands (1795)"; "Observations on ... a Bill for facilitating the Division of Commons." He first urged this on Pitt on 10th January 1795 (Pitt MSS., 175).[430]Pitt MSS., 178.[431]"Corresp. of Sir John Sinclair," i, 124.[432]Pitt MSS., 193. Sinclair raised two corps of Fencibles. The list of his works, pamphlets, etc., fills thirty-two pages at the end of his Memoirs.[433]"Mems. of Sir John Sinclair," ii, 106–9.[434]"Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies."[435]"Lord Colchester's Diary," i, 82.[436]"Mems. of Lady Hester Stanhope," i, 177–81. Tomline asserted that a lady of the highest rank desired to marry Pitt. Various conjectures have been made on this topic. Lord Rosebery suggests that the Duchess of Gordon was hinted at.[437]"Auckland Journals," iii, 356, 363, 369, 373–4.[438]Wordsworth, "Prelude," bk. xiv.[439]Pretyman MSS. Quoted in full, with Pitt's second letter and one of Auckland, by Lord Ashbourne ("Pitt," 241–4).[440]Pellew, i, 183.[441]Ashbourne, 162, 179; G. Rose, "Diaries," i, 410, 429.[442]"Auckland Journals," iii, 359. George III, who disliked Auckland, ordered the appointment of Chatham.[443]Ibid., iii, 387.[444]See Appendix for the sums borrowed, expended on the army and navy, and raised by the Permanent Taxes in 1792–1801.[445]"Parl. Hist.," xxxii, 1297–1347; Pitt MSS., 102. Pitt to Boyd, 4th January 1796.[446]"Mems. of Sir John Sinclair," ii, 276.[447]W. Newmarch, "Loans raised by Pitt (1793–1801)," pp. 16, 25–33.[448]On 2nd December 1796, Thomas Coutts, Pitt's banker, wrote to him: "Mr. Dent, Mr. Hoare, Mr. Snow, Mr. Gosling, Mr. Drummond, and myself met today, and have each subscribed £50,000.... I shall leave town tomorrow, having staid solely to do any service in my power in forwarding this business, which I sincerely wish and hope may be the means of procuring peace on fair and honourable terms. P.S.—We have subscribed £10,000 in your name, and shall take care to make the payments" (Pitt MSS., 126). Mr. Abbot ("Lord Colchester's Diary," 76) states that fear of a compulsory contribution helped on the Loyalty Loan.[449]Pitt MSS., 272.[450]Ann. Reg. (1797), 130–42.[451]Sir J. Sinclair, "Hist. of the Public Revenue," ii, 143.[452]Pitt MSS., 272; "Parl. Hist.," xxxii, 1517; Gilbart, "History ... of Banking" (ed. by E. Sykes), i, 46. On 25th February 1797 Pitt wrote a memorandum (Pitt MSS., 102), stating that the crisis was due to the too great circulation of paper notes by banks having limited resources. Their stoppage affected larger Houses and paralysed trade. He had wanted to meet the City men, who met on the 22nd to discuss the situation, but failed to agree on any remedy. Finally they agreed to meet at the Mansion House to discuss the issue of Exchequer Bills. Coutts, on 19th March 1797, informed Pitt that gambling in the Prince of Wales' Debentures, which exceeded £432,000, ruined the market for ordinary securities (Pitt MSS., 126). Sinclair had vainly urged Pitt to compel bankers to find and exhibit securities for the paper notes which they issued ("Corresp. of Sir J. Sinclair," i, 87).[453]H. F. B. Wheeler and A. M. Broadley, "Napoleon and the Invasion of England," ch. ii, have proved this.[454]"Parl. Hist.," xxxiii, 473–516; "Hist. of the Mutiny at Spithead and the Nore" (Lond. 1842), 61–2; "Dropmore P.," iii, 323.
[303]Campbell,op. cit., viii, 145, 147.
[303]Campbell,op. cit., viii, 145, 147.
[304]"H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 27.
[304]"H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 27.
[305]For the instructions see E. Smith, "The Story of the English Jacobins," 87.
[305]For the instructions see E. Smith, "The Story of the English Jacobins," 87.
[306]"State Trials," xxiii, 414.
[306]"State Trials," xxiii, 414.
[307]J. Gerrald had published a pamphlet, "A Convention the only Means of saving us from Ruin" (1793). It is in the British Museum.
[307]J. Gerrald had published a pamphlet, "A Convention the only Means of saving us from Ruin" (1793). It is in the British Museum.
[308]"H. O.," Scotland, 9.
[308]"H. O.," Scotland, 9.
[309]"State Trials," xxiii, 766.
[309]"State Trials," xxiii, 766.
[310]"Auckland Journals," iii, 205.
[310]"Auckland Journals," iii, 205.
[311]"Arniston Mems.," 242.
[311]"Arniston Mems.," 242.
[312]E. Smith, "The Eng. Jacobins," 93–7.
[312]E. Smith, "The Eng. Jacobins," 93–7.
[313]See "Report of the Committee of Secrecy" (17th May 1794).
[313]See "Report of the Committee of Secrecy" (17th May 1794).
[314]C. Cestre, "John Thelwall," 77.
[314]C. Cestre, "John Thelwall," 77.
[315]"H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 30.
[315]"H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 30.
[316]"State Trials," xxiii, 1055–1166. For technical reasons this statement of Booth could not be given at Walker's trial. Besides Walker's Constitutional Society, there were two others, the Reformation and Patriotic Societies, founded in March and April 1792.
[316]"State Trials," xxiii, 1055–1166. For technical reasons this statement of Booth could not be given at Walker's trial. Besides Walker's Constitutional Society, there were two others, the Reformation and Patriotic Societies, founded in March and April 1792.
[317]See E. Smith, "The Eng. Jacobins," ch. vi, for the meetings at Sheffield and the part played by Yorke.
[317]See E. Smith, "The Eng. Jacobins," ch. vi, for the meetings at Sheffield and the part played by Yorke.
[318]"H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 31.
[318]"H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 31.
[319]Ibid., 27, 29. Spence purveyed "Pigs' Meat," while Eaton sold "Hogs' Wash." The titles are a take-off of Burke's phrase "the swinish multitude."
[319]Ibid., 27, 29. Spence purveyed "Pigs' Meat," while Eaton sold "Hogs' Wash." The titles are a take-off of Burke's phrase "the swinish multitude."
[320]I.e., similar to the one passed in Dublin against a People's Convention.
[320]I.e., similar to the one passed in Dublin against a People's Convention.
[321]"Report of the Parl. Comm. of Secrecy" (17th May 1794).
[321]"Report of the Parl. Comm. of Secrecy" (17th May 1794).
[322]"Parl. Hist.," xxx, 1363–91; xxxi, 1–27.
[322]"Parl. Hist.," xxx, 1363–91; xxxi, 1–27.
[323]Ibid., xxxi, 97–121.
[323]Ibid., xxxi, 97–121.
[324]"Morning Chronicle" for April 1794.
[324]"Morning Chronicle" for April 1794.
[325]"H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 30.
[325]"H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 30.
[326]"Auckland Journals," iii, 213.
[326]"Auckland Journals," iii, 213.
[327]"State Trials," xxiv, 588, 600, 601.
[327]"State Trials," xxiv, 588, 600, 601.
[328]"State Trials," xxiv, 626.
[328]"State Trials," xxiv, 626.
[329]E. Smith, "Eng. Jacobins," 116.
[329]E. Smith, "Eng. Jacobins," 116.
[330]"Parl. Hist.," xxxi, 475–97.
[330]"Parl. Hist.," xxxi, 475–97.
[331]"Life of Horne Tooke," ii, 119. It was afterwards absurdly said that Dundas, Horne Tooke's neighbour at Wimbledon, had had the letter filched from his house. Both of them lived on the west side of the "green."
[331]"Life of Horne Tooke," ii, 119. It was afterwards absurdly said that Dundas, Horne Tooke's neighbour at Wimbledon, had had the letter filched from his house. Both of them lived on the west side of the "green."
[332]"Parl. Hist.," xxxi, 497–505.
[332]"Parl. Hist.," xxxi, 497–505.
[333]"Life of T. Hardy," 42; "State Trials," xxiv, 717, 729, 762, etc. The evidence fills 1,207 pages.
[333]"Life of T. Hardy," 42; "State Trials," xxiv, 717, 729, 762, etc. The evidence fills 1,207 pages.
[334]Ibid., 1–200.
[334]Ibid., 1–200.
[335]"Troilus and Cressida," act i, sc. 3.
[335]"Troilus and Cressida," act i, sc. 3.
[336]"Dropmore P.," ii, 452.
[336]"Dropmore P.," ii, 452.
[337]Thugut in the autumn of 1793 sketched a scheme for annexing the north of France from the Somme to Sedan.
[337]Thugut in the autumn of 1793 sketched a scheme for annexing the north of France from the Somme to Sedan.
[338]"Dropmore P.," ii, 628. So, too, Morton Eden wrote to Grenville on 1st January 1793: "The steadfastness of the Emperor does not equal his moral rectitude" ("F. O.," Austria, 32).
[338]"Dropmore P.," ii, 628. So, too, Morton Eden wrote to Grenville on 1st January 1793: "The steadfastness of the Emperor does not equal his moral rectitude" ("F. O.," Austria, 32).
[339]"Dropmore P.," ii, 491; "Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 17–19, 69.
[339]"Dropmore P.," ii, 491; "Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 17–19, 69.
[340]"Dropmore P.," ii, 494; "Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 31,et seq.
[340]"Dropmore P.," ii, 494; "Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 31,et seq.
[341]"Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 50; Sorel, iv, 17.
[341]"Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 50; Sorel, iv, 17.
[342]Seeley, "Stein," i, 65.
[342]Seeley, "Stein," i, 65.
[343]"F. O.," Austria, 36. Eden to Grenville, 15th and 27th February.
[343]"F. O.," Austria, 36. Eden to Grenville, 15th and 27th February.
[344]"Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 81, 82.
[344]"Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 81, 82.
[345]Sorel, iv, 13.
[345]Sorel, iv, 13.
[346]Vivenot, iii, 89–96; "Dropmore P.," ii, 505–7.
[346]Vivenot, iii, 89–96; "Dropmore P.," ii, 505–7.
[347]"F. O.," Austria, 36, Eden to Grenville, 31st March, 9th April. See, too, Vivenot, iii, 172, for proofs that Kosciusko sought to delay the rising, and looked to Vienna for help against Russia and Prussia.
[347]"F. O.," Austria, 36, Eden to Grenville, 31st March, 9th April. See, too, Vivenot, iii, 172, for proofs that Kosciusko sought to delay the rising, and looked to Vienna for help against Russia and Prussia.
[348]"Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 85, 89.
[348]"Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 85, 89.
[349]"Dropmore P.," ii, 516.
[349]"Dropmore P.," ii, 516.
[350]"F. O.," Prussia, 33. Grenville to Malmesbury, 21st April.
[350]"F. O.," Prussia, 33. Grenville to Malmesbury, 21st April.
[351]Ibid., Same to same, 23rd May.
[351]Ibid., Same to same, 23rd May.
[352]"Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 96.
[352]"Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 96.
[353]"W. O.," I, 169. See an admirable article in the "United Service Mag." (Aug. 1897), by Colonel E. M. Lloyd, founded on the papers of General Sir James Craig, Adjutant-General of the Duke of York.
[353]"W. O.," I, 169. See an admirable article in the "United Service Mag." (Aug. 1897), by Colonel E. M. Lloyd, founded on the papers of General Sir James Craig, Adjutant-General of the Duke of York.
[354]"Parl. Hist.," xxxii, 1132.
[354]"Parl. Hist.," xxxii, 1132.
[355]"Dropmore P.," ii, 599.
[355]"Dropmore P.," ii, 599.
[356]"F. O.," Austria, 38. Despatch of 19th July.
[356]"F. O.," Austria, 38. Despatch of 19th July.
[357]Pitt MSS., 180. See, too, "Dropmore P.," ii, 617–20, 626.
[357]Pitt MSS., 180. See, too, "Dropmore P.," ii, 617–20, 626.
[358]See "Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies" for Grenville's letters. Pitt was the guest of Grenville at Dropmore at the end of November 1794 ("Buckingham P.," ii, 319).
[358]See "Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies" for Grenville's letters. Pitt was the guest of Grenville at Dropmore at the end of November 1794 ("Buckingham P.," ii, 319).
[359]"F. O.," Prussia, 35. Malmesbury to Grenville, 25th November 1794.
[359]"F. O.," Prussia, 35. Malmesbury to Grenville, 25th November 1794.
[360]See "Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies" for this letter.
[360]See "Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies" for this letter.
[361]"Dropmore P.," iii, 26–30, 50, 57.
[361]"Dropmore P.," iii, 26–30, 50, 57.
[362]Ranke, "Hardenberg," i, 258; "Paget P.," i, 95,et seq.
[362]Ranke, "Hardenberg," i, 258; "Paget P.," i, 95,et seq.
[363]See "Eng. Hist. Rev.," October 1909.
[363]See "Eng. Hist. Rev.," October 1909.
[364]"Dropmore P.," ii, 395, 438, 443, 444, 464.
[364]"Dropmore P.," ii, 395, 438, 443, 444, 464.
[365]Pitt MSS., 349.
[365]Pitt MSS., 349.
[366]Pitt MSS., 121.
[366]Pitt MSS., 121.
[367]"F. O.," France, 40.
[367]"F. O.," France, 40.
[368]Malouet, "Méms.," ii, 209–11; Morse Stephens, "French Rev.," ii, 481–4; "Dropmore P.," ii, 388.
[368]Malouet, "Méms.," ii, 209–11; Morse Stephens, "French Rev.," ii, 481–4; "Dropmore P.," ii, 388.
[369]Fortescue, iv, pt. i, 77, 78.
[369]Fortescue, iv, pt. i, 77, 78.
[370]"Dropmore P.," ii, 402, 403.
[370]"Dropmore P.," ii, 402, 403.
[371]Pitt MSS., 349.
[371]Pitt MSS., 349.
[372]Pitt MSS., 155, 349. In the latter packet is Malouet's letter of 10th March 1793 from Kingston, Jamaica, to M. Franklyn at London, dwelling on the woes of San Domingo and Martinique—all due to the folly and wickedness of one man, probably Brissot. He despairs of the French West Indies. See, too, "Dropmore P.," ii, 388.
[372]Pitt MSS., 155, 349. In the latter packet is Malouet's letter of 10th March 1793 from Kingston, Jamaica, to M. Franklyn at London, dwelling on the woes of San Domingo and Martinique—all due to the folly and wickedness of one man, probably Brissot. He despairs of the French West Indies. See, too, "Dropmore P.," ii, 388.
[373]Pitt MSS., 349.
[373]Pitt MSS., 349.
[374]"Parl. Hist.," xxxiii, 586.
[374]"Parl. Hist.," xxxiii, 586.
[375]The facts stated above suffice to refute the strange statement of Mr. Morse Stephens ("Fr. Rev.," ii, 476) that the English invasion of San Domingo was "absurd." It was not an invasion, but an occupation of the coast towns after scarcely any resistance.
[375]The facts stated above suffice to refute the strange statement of Mr. Morse Stephens ("Fr. Rev.," ii, 476) that the English invasion of San Domingo was "absurd." It was not an invasion, but an occupation of the coast towns after scarcely any resistance.
[376]"Dropmore P.," ii, 443, 454, 464.
[376]"Dropmore P.," ii, 443, 454, 464.
[377]Fortescue, iv, pt. i, chs. xiii, xiv; James, i, 250–2.
[377]Fortescue, iv, pt. i, chs. xiii, xiv; James, i, 250–2.
[378]Pinckard, "Notes on the Expedition to the West Indies," ii, especially Letter 15.
[378]Pinckard, "Notes on the Expedition to the West Indies," ii, especially Letter 15.
[379]Bryan Edwards, "Hist. Survey of S. Domingo" (1801), 204. Fortescue (iv, 385) assesses the British losses in the West Indies in 1794 at 12,000 men, apart from deaths in battle.
[379]Bryan Edwards, "Hist. Survey of S. Domingo" (1801), 204. Fortescue (iv, 385) assesses the British losses in the West Indies in 1794 at 12,000 men, apart from deaths in battle.
[380]Pitt MSS., 121.
[380]Pitt MSS., 121.
[381]"F. O.," Spain, 28. Grenville to St. Helens, 30th November 1793. On 1st October Pitt pressed Grenville to open this question to the Spanish Court ("Dropmore P.," ii, 433, 438).
[381]"F. O.," Spain, 28. Grenville to St. Helens, 30th November 1793. On 1st October Pitt pressed Grenville to open this question to the Spanish Court ("Dropmore P.," ii, 433, 438).
[382]"H. O." (Secretaries of State), 5.
[382]"H. O." (Secretaries of State), 5.
[383]Pitt MSS., 349. He added that in 1788, 584 European and 699 American ships set sail from Hayti: 37,447 negroes were imported.
[383]Pitt MSS., 349. He added that in 1788, 584 European and 699 American ships set sail from Hayti: 37,447 negroes were imported.
[384]"F. O.," Spain, 36. Bute to Grenville, 26th June 1795.
[384]"F. O.," Spain, 36. Bute to Grenville, 26th June 1795.
[385]"F. O.," Spain, 36. Jackson to Grenville, 2nd January and 11th February 1795.
[385]"F. O.," Spain, 36. Jackson to Grenville, 2nd January and 11th February 1795.
[386]"F. O.," Spain, 37. Grenville to Bute, 5th, 12th, and 19th June.
[386]"F. O.," Spain, 37. Grenville to Bute, 5th, 12th, and 19th June.
[387]Del Cantillo, "Tratados," 660.
[387]Del Cantillo, "Tratados," 660.
[388]"Papiers de Barthélemy," vi, Introd., xv, 71, 77–85.
[388]"Papiers de Barthélemy," vi, Introd., xv, 71, 77–85.
[389]"W. O.," vi, 6, which contains other despatches of Dundas cited later.
[389]"W. O.," vi, 6, which contains other despatches of Dundas cited later.
[390]"Diary of Sir John Moore," i, 208, 221, 233, 243; ii, 18, 19.
[390]"Diary of Sir John Moore," i, 208, 221, 233, 243; ii, 18, 19.
[391]"Diary of Sir John Moore," 2 vols. Edited by General Maurice.
[391]"Diary of Sir John Moore," 2 vols. Edited by General Maurice.
[392]"F. O.," Spain, 39, 40. Merry to Grenville, 20th and 25th December and 19th January, 10th February, 6th and 29th March.
[392]"F. O.," Spain, 39, 40. Merry to Grenville, 20th and 25th December and 19th January, 10th February, 6th and 29th March.
[393]"Dropmore P.," iii, 214.
[393]"Dropmore P.," iii, 214.
[394]"F. O.," Spain, 44. Bute to Grenville, 10th September and 21st October.
[394]"F. O.," Spain, 44. Bute to Grenville, 10th September and 21st October.
[395]For the disgust of Pitt and Dundas, see "Dropmore P.," iii, 390.
[395]For the disgust of Pitt and Dundas, see "Dropmore P.," iii, 390.
[396]Malouet wrote to Pitt on 24th June 1798: "The wisdom of General Maitland's measures, the perfect order in which he has conducted the operations have lessened the disasters attending it, and by means of a truce and convention agreed on with the Republican chiefs, not an inconsiderable number of inhabitants has been induced to remain on their plantations" (Pitt MSS., 146).
[396]Malouet wrote to Pitt on 24th June 1798: "The wisdom of General Maitland's measures, the perfect order in which he has conducted the operations have lessened the disasters attending it, and by means of a truce and convention agreed on with the Republican chiefs, not an inconsiderable number of inhabitants has been induced to remain on their plantations" (Pitt MSS., 146).
[397]"F. O.," Holland, 57.
[397]"F. O.," Holland, 57.
[398]"Cape Records," i, 98.
[398]"Cape Records," i, 98.
[399]"W. O.," vi, 67.
[399]"W. O.," vi, 67.
[400]"Cape Records," i, 17, 22.
[400]"Cape Records," i, 17, 22.
[401]"Cape Records," i, 23–6, 138–40; Cory, "Rise of South Africa," i, ch. ii.
[401]"Cape Records," i, 23–6, 138–40; Cory, "Rise of South Africa," i, ch. ii.
[402]"W. O.," i, 323. In "F. O.," Holland, 57, is a memorial of Elphinstone and Craig to Grenville, stating why they had detained at the Cape the U. S. ship "Argonaut," whose owners now prosecuted them for £100,000.
[402]"W. O.," i, 323. In "F. O.," Holland, 57, is a memorial of Elphinstone and Craig to Grenville, stating why they had detained at the Cape the U. S. ship "Argonaut," whose owners now prosecuted them for £100,000.
[403]"South Africa a Century ago." By Lady Anne Barnard.
[403]"South Africa a Century ago." By Lady Anne Barnard.
[404]"F. O.," Prussia, 70. Pitt to Harrowby, 27th October 1805.
[404]"F. O.," Prussia, 70. Pitt to Harrowby, 27th October 1805.
[405]"Nelson Despatches," ii, 5.
[405]"Nelson Despatches," ii, 5.
[406]"Corresp. of Sir John Sinclair," i, 141–3.
[406]"Corresp. of Sir John Sinclair," i, 141–3.
[407]Puisaye, "Mems.," ii, 594–603; Forneron, "Hist. des Emigrés," ii, 13, 14.
[407]Puisaye, "Mems.," ii, 594–603; Forneron, "Hist. des Emigrés," ii, 13, 14.
[408]Cornwallis, "Corresp.," iii, 289.
[408]Cornwallis, "Corresp.," iii, 289.
[409]"F. O.," France, 44. Grenville to d'Harcourt, 19th June 1795.
[409]"F. O.," France, 44. Grenville to d'Harcourt, 19th June 1795.
[410]On 19th January 1798 Pitt, Windham, and Canning agreed to give £9,082 and £9,400 for the discharge of debts due for services of the Royalists in France, incurred in England and France respectively, leaving a balance of £8,000 for future payment. The following sums were paid to the Duc d'Harcourt for the support of "Monsieur": in 1796, £3,000; in 1797, £9,000; and after May 1798 at the rate of £500 per month (B.M. Add. MSS., 37844). I have not found the sums allowed to the Comte d'Artois.
[410]On 19th January 1798 Pitt, Windham, and Canning agreed to give £9,082 and £9,400 for the discharge of debts due for services of the Royalists in France, incurred in England and France respectively, leaving a balance of £8,000 for future payment. The following sums were paid to the Duc d'Harcourt for the support of "Monsieur": in 1796, £3,000; in 1797, £9,000; and after May 1798 at the rate of £500 per month (B.M. Add. MSS., 37844). I have not found the sums allowed to the Comte d'Artois.
[411]"Diary of a Tour through Great Britain in 1795," by W. MacRitchie (1897).
[411]"Diary of a Tour through Great Britain in 1795," by W. MacRitchie (1897).
[412]"Dropmore P.," ii, 172.
[412]"Dropmore P.," ii, 172.
[413]In "H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 27, are Dundas's instructions to Moira, dated 20th November 1793, appointing him Major-General in an expedition to Guernsey, with Admiral MacBride, taking with him a Hessian corps as soon as it arrives. He is to seize St. Malo or any place near it suitable for helping the Royalists and harassing the enemy. If he deems success doubtful, he is to await reinforcements. The aim is to help the cause of Louis XVII and lead to a general pacification.
[413]In "H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 27, are Dundas's instructions to Moira, dated 20th November 1793, appointing him Major-General in an expedition to Guernsey, with Admiral MacBride, taking with him a Hessian corps as soon as it arrives. He is to seize St. Malo or any place near it suitable for helping the Royalists and harassing the enemy. If he deems success doubtful, he is to await reinforcements. The aim is to help the cause of Louis XVII and lead to a general pacification.
[414]"Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 96–8.
[414]"Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 96–8.
[415]Chevening MSS.
[415]Chevening MSS.
[416]Pretyman MSS.
[416]Pretyman MSS.
[417]"Cornwallis Corresp.," ii, 289.
[417]"Cornwallis Corresp.," ii, 289.
[418]"Life of Wilberforce," ii, 92.
[418]"Life of Wilberforce," ii, 92.
[419]Sorel, v, 41; "Wickham Corresp.," i, 269–74, 343. Some mis-statements of Sorel may be noted here. On pp. 39, 40 of vol. v he states that Pitt was intent on acquiring Malta and Egypt (though he was then in doubt whether to retain Corsica): also that, after the insult to George III in London on 29th October 1795, Pitt proposed a loan of £18,000,000 and new taxes, which Parliament refused. The facts are that Pitt asked for that loan on 7th December 1796, and it was subscribed in twenty-two hours. On the same day Parliament voted the new taxes.
[419]Sorel, v, 41; "Wickham Corresp.," i, 269–74, 343. Some mis-statements of Sorel may be noted here. On pp. 39, 40 of vol. v he states that Pitt was intent on acquiring Malta and Egypt (though he was then in doubt whether to retain Corsica): also that, after the insult to George III in London on 29th October 1795, Pitt proposed a loan of £18,000,000 and new taxes, which Parliament refused. The facts are that Pitt asked for that loan on 7th December 1796, and it was subscribed in twenty-two hours. On the same day Parliament voted the new taxes.
[420]B.M. Add. MSS., 27808.
[420]B.M. Add. MSS., 27808.
[421]"H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 36.
[421]"H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 36.
[422]"H. O.," (Departmental), Secs. of State.
[422]"H. O.," (Departmental), Secs. of State.
[423]B.M. Add. MSS., 27808; "Hist. of the Two Acts," 330et seq.
[423]B.M. Add. MSS., 27808; "Hist. of the Two Acts," 330et seq.
[424]Pitt MSS., 190; "W. O.," 113.
[424]Pitt MSS., 190; "W. O.," 113.
[425]"H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 36.
[425]"H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 36.
[426]"Parl. Hist.," xxxii, 235–42, 687–700, 1156; Tooke, "Hist. of Prices," i, 185et seq.; Porter, "Progress of the Nation," 147, 452.
[426]"Parl. Hist.," xxxii, 235–42, 687–700, 1156; Tooke, "Hist. of Prices," i, 185et seq.; Porter, "Progress of the Nation," 147, 452.
[427]"Dropmore P.," iii, 87, 243, 526–30; "Report of the American Hist. Assoc." (1903), ii, 67–9, 354, 375, 440et seq., 552–8; E. Channing, "United States," 148–50; Cunningham, 512, 694.
[427]"Dropmore P.," iii, 87, 243, 526–30; "Report of the American Hist. Assoc." (1903), ii, 67–9, 354, 375, 440et seq., 552–8; E. Channing, "United States," 148–50; Cunningham, 512, 694.
[428]"Mems. of Sir John Sinclair," i, ch. iv; ii, ch. i.
[428]"Mems. of Sir John Sinclair," i, ch. iv; ii, ch. i.
[429]"Mems. of Sir John Sinclair," ii, 60–4, 104; Sinclair, "Address ... on the Cultivation of Waste Lands (1795)"; "Observations on ... a Bill for facilitating the Division of Commons." He first urged this on Pitt on 10th January 1795 (Pitt MSS., 175).
[429]"Mems. of Sir John Sinclair," ii, 60–4, 104; Sinclair, "Address ... on the Cultivation of Waste Lands (1795)"; "Observations on ... a Bill for facilitating the Division of Commons." He first urged this on Pitt on 10th January 1795 (Pitt MSS., 175).
[430]Pitt MSS., 178.
[430]Pitt MSS., 178.
[431]"Corresp. of Sir John Sinclair," i, 124.
[431]"Corresp. of Sir John Sinclair," i, 124.
[432]Pitt MSS., 193. Sinclair raised two corps of Fencibles. The list of his works, pamphlets, etc., fills thirty-two pages at the end of his Memoirs.
[432]Pitt MSS., 193. Sinclair raised two corps of Fencibles. The list of his works, pamphlets, etc., fills thirty-two pages at the end of his Memoirs.
[433]"Mems. of Sir John Sinclair," ii, 106–9.
[433]"Mems. of Sir John Sinclair," ii, 106–9.
[434]"Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies."
[434]"Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies."
[435]"Lord Colchester's Diary," i, 82.
[435]"Lord Colchester's Diary," i, 82.
[436]"Mems. of Lady Hester Stanhope," i, 177–81. Tomline asserted that a lady of the highest rank desired to marry Pitt. Various conjectures have been made on this topic. Lord Rosebery suggests that the Duchess of Gordon was hinted at.
[436]"Mems. of Lady Hester Stanhope," i, 177–81. Tomline asserted that a lady of the highest rank desired to marry Pitt. Various conjectures have been made on this topic. Lord Rosebery suggests that the Duchess of Gordon was hinted at.
[437]"Auckland Journals," iii, 356, 363, 369, 373–4.
[437]"Auckland Journals," iii, 356, 363, 369, 373–4.
[438]Wordsworth, "Prelude," bk. xiv.
[438]Wordsworth, "Prelude," bk. xiv.
[439]Pretyman MSS. Quoted in full, with Pitt's second letter and one of Auckland, by Lord Ashbourne ("Pitt," 241–4).
[439]Pretyman MSS. Quoted in full, with Pitt's second letter and one of Auckland, by Lord Ashbourne ("Pitt," 241–4).
[440]Pellew, i, 183.
[440]Pellew, i, 183.
[441]Ashbourne, 162, 179; G. Rose, "Diaries," i, 410, 429.
[441]Ashbourne, 162, 179; G. Rose, "Diaries," i, 410, 429.
[442]"Auckland Journals," iii, 359. George III, who disliked Auckland, ordered the appointment of Chatham.
[442]"Auckland Journals," iii, 359. George III, who disliked Auckland, ordered the appointment of Chatham.
[443]Ibid., iii, 387.
[443]Ibid., iii, 387.
[444]See Appendix for the sums borrowed, expended on the army and navy, and raised by the Permanent Taxes in 1792–1801.
[444]See Appendix for the sums borrowed, expended on the army and navy, and raised by the Permanent Taxes in 1792–1801.
[445]"Parl. Hist.," xxxii, 1297–1347; Pitt MSS., 102. Pitt to Boyd, 4th January 1796.
[445]"Parl. Hist.," xxxii, 1297–1347; Pitt MSS., 102. Pitt to Boyd, 4th January 1796.
[446]"Mems. of Sir John Sinclair," ii, 276.
[446]"Mems. of Sir John Sinclair," ii, 276.
[447]W. Newmarch, "Loans raised by Pitt (1793–1801)," pp. 16, 25–33.
[447]W. Newmarch, "Loans raised by Pitt (1793–1801)," pp. 16, 25–33.
[448]On 2nd December 1796, Thomas Coutts, Pitt's banker, wrote to him: "Mr. Dent, Mr. Hoare, Mr. Snow, Mr. Gosling, Mr. Drummond, and myself met today, and have each subscribed £50,000.... I shall leave town tomorrow, having staid solely to do any service in my power in forwarding this business, which I sincerely wish and hope may be the means of procuring peace on fair and honourable terms. P.S.—We have subscribed £10,000 in your name, and shall take care to make the payments" (Pitt MSS., 126). Mr. Abbot ("Lord Colchester's Diary," 76) states that fear of a compulsory contribution helped on the Loyalty Loan.
[448]On 2nd December 1796, Thomas Coutts, Pitt's banker, wrote to him: "Mr. Dent, Mr. Hoare, Mr. Snow, Mr. Gosling, Mr. Drummond, and myself met today, and have each subscribed £50,000.... I shall leave town tomorrow, having staid solely to do any service in my power in forwarding this business, which I sincerely wish and hope may be the means of procuring peace on fair and honourable terms. P.S.—We have subscribed £10,000 in your name, and shall take care to make the payments" (Pitt MSS., 126). Mr. Abbot ("Lord Colchester's Diary," 76) states that fear of a compulsory contribution helped on the Loyalty Loan.
[449]Pitt MSS., 272.
[449]Pitt MSS., 272.
[450]Ann. Reg. (1797), 130–42.
[450]Ann. Reg. (1797), 130–42.
[451]Sir J. Sinclair, "Hist. of the Public Revenue," ii, 143.
[451]Sir J. Sinclair, "Hist. of the Public Revenue," ii, 143.
[452]Pitt MSS., 272; "Parl. Hist.," xxxii, 1517; Gilbart, "History ... of Banking" (ed. by E. Sykes), i, 46. On 25th February 1797 Pitt wrote a memorandum (Pitt MSS., 102), stating that the crisis was due to the too great circulation of paper notes by banks having limited resources. Their stoppage affected larger Houses and paralysed trade. He had wanted to meet the City men, who met on the 22nd to discuss the situation, but failed to agree on any remedy. Finally they agreed to meet at the Mansion House to discuss the issue of Exchequer Bills. Coutts, on 19th March 1797, informed Pitt that gambling in the Prince of Wales' Debentures, which exceeded £432,000, ruined the market for ordinary securities (Pitt MSS., 126). Sinclair had vainly urged Pitt to compel bankers to find and exhibit securities for the paper notes which they issued ("Corresp. of Sir J. Sinclair," i, 87).
[452]Pitt MSS., 272; "Parl. Hist.," xxxii, 1517; Gilbart, "History ... of Banking" (ed. by E. Sykes), i, 46. On 25th February 1797 Pitt wrote a memorandum (Pitt MSS., 102), stating that the crisis was due to the too great circulation of paper notes by banks having limited resources. Their stoppage affected larger Houses and paralysed trade. He had wanted to meet the City men, who met on the 22nd to discuss the situation, but failed to agree on any remedy. Finally they agreed to meet at the Mansion House to discuss the issue of Exchequer Bills. Coutts, on 19th March 1797, informed Pitt that gambling in the Prince of Wales' Debentures, which exceeded £432,000, ruined the market for ordinary securities (Pitt MSS., 126). Sinclair had vainly urged Pitt to compel bankers to find and exhibit securities for the paper notes which they issued ("Corresp. of Sir J. Sinclair," i, 87).
[453]H. F. B. Wheeler and A. M. Broadley, "Napoleon and the Invasion of England," ch. ii, have proved this.
[453]H. F. B. Wheeler and A. M. Broadley, "Napoleon and the Invasion of England," ch. ii, have proved this.
[454]"Parl. Hist.," xxxiii, 473–516; "Hist. of the Mutiny at Spithead and the Nore" (Lond. 1842), 61–2; "Dropmore P.," iii, 323.
[454]"Parl. Hist.," xxxiii, 473–516; "Hist. of the Mutiny at Spithead and the Nore" (Lond. 1842), 61–2; "Dropmore P.," iii, 323.