FOOTNOTES:

FOOTNOTES:[1]Aug.De Hœr.c. 69;Enarr. in Ps.132, secs. 3, 6;C. Cresc.iii. 46, 47;C. Gaudentiumi. 32.[2]Epist.xlix. li.[3]Vol. ix p. 34, etc.[4]The other works bearing on this controversy are mentioned in the exhaustive volume of Ferd. Ribbeck,Donatus und Augustinus(Elberfeld, 1858).—Ed.[5]This treatise was written about 400A.D.[6]Contra Epist. Parmen.ii. 14.[7]Comp. v. 23, and iii. 16, note.[8]Ps. lxi. 2, 3. Augustine translates from the Septuagint. The English version is: "From the end of the earth will I cry unto Thee, when my heart is overwhelmed: lead me to the Rock that is higher than I. For Thou hast been a shelter for me, and a strong tower from the enemy."[9]Eph. ii. 6.[10]Matt. vii. 15.[11]Matt. xxiv. 23.[12]Matt. xi. 24.[13]The Council of Donatist bishops, held at Bagai in Numidia,A.D.394. Cp.Contr. Crescon.iii. 52, 53.[14]Quodam modo cardinales Donatistas.[15]See below, on ii. 9.[16]Matt. xii. 30.[17]Mark ix. 38, 39; Luke ix. 50.[18]Acts x.[19]Ex. xxxii.[20]Num. xvi.[21]1 Cor. xiii. 2.[22]1 Cor. xiii. 1, 2.[23]John xi. 51.[24]1 Sam. xviii. 10.[25]Acts viii. 13.[26]Mark i. 24.[27]Eph. iv. 2, 3.[28]Acts viii. 13, 21.[29]1 Cor. iii. 1-4.[30]1 Cor. i. 10-13.[31]1 Cor. x. 11.In figura;:τυπιχως; A. V., "for ensamples."[32]Gen. xxi. 10.[33]Gen. xxx. 3.[34]Mal. i. 2, 3; Gen. xxv. 24.[35]Matt. xxviii. 19.[36]John xx. 23.[37]Song of Sol. vi. 9.[38]1 John ii. 11.[39]Gal. iii. 27.[40]Wisd. i. 5.[41]Debebat. It is necessary to depart from the A. V., "owed," as Augustine founds an argument on the use of the imperfect tense. Gr.ωφειλεν.[42]Matt. xviii. 23-35.[43]1 Cor. xv. 46.[44]1 Cor. ii. 14.[45]Gal. iv.[46]Ps. cxxxix. 16.[47]So Augustine from the Septuagint:επι βιβλιο σου παντις γραφησονται. A.V., "In Thy book were allmy memberswritten."[48]Non caste;ουχ αγνως. Phil. i. 16.[49]In theRetractations, ii. 18, Augustine notes on this passage, that wherever he uses this quotation from the Epistle to the Ephesians, he means it to be understood of the progress of the Church towards this condition, and not of her success in its attainment; for at present the infirmities and ignorance of her members give ground enough for the whole Church joining daily in the petition, "Forgive us our debts."[50]Gen. xv. 10.[51]1 Pet. iv. 8.[52]See below, ii. 9.[53]Eph. iv. 2, 3.[54]Ps. lxxiii. 18.[55]1 Cor. xii. 31, xiii. 1.[56]John xv. 1, 2.[57]John xiii. 34.[58]Gal. v. 22, 23.[59]Botrum.[60]John xv. 2.[61]Rom. iii. 17; from which it has been introduced into the AlexandrineMS.of the Septuagint at Ps. xiv. 3, as it is quoted by Migne, and found in the English Prayer-book version of the Psalms.[62]Charitatis ubera.[63]Præfocantur.[64]The Council of Carthage, September 1,A.D.256, in which eighty-seven African bishops declared in favour of rebaptizing heretics. The opinions of the bishops are quoted and answered by Augustine, one by one, in Books vi. and vii.[65]Matt. xvi. 18.[66]Cypr.Ep.lxxi.[67]Gal. i. 20.[68]Gal. ii. 14.[69]Luke xxiii. 40-43.[70]Matt. xxvi. 69-75.[71]That is, the proconsular province of Africa, or Africa Zeugitana, answering to the northern part of the territory of Tunis.[72]See above, c. i. 2.[73]Bede asserts that this was the case, Book viii. qu. 5.[74]See above, c. ii. 3.[75]Matt. xxii. 30.[76]1 Cor. x. 13.[77]Phil. iii. 15.[78]Rom. iii. 17; see on i. 19, 29.[79]Phil. iii. 16.[80]1 Cor. xiii. 3.[81]Eph. iv. 3.[82]Traditores sanctorum librorum.[83]Ex. xxxii.[84]Jer. xxxvi.[85]Num. xvi.[86]Non convicti sed conficti traditores.[87]Rom. xiv. 4.[88]Ps. lviii. 1; though slightly varied from the LXX.: si vere justitiam diligitis; forει αληθως αρα δικαιοσυνην λαλειτε[89]John vii. 24.[90]Matt. vii. 15.[91]1 Cor. xiv. 29, 30.[92]Cypr.Ep.lxxi.[93]The former Council of Carthage was held by Agrippinus early in the third century, the ordinary date given being 215A.D.[94]Tanquam lectulo auctoritatis.[95]Cypr.Ep.lxxi.[96]The general Council, on whose authority Augustine relies in many places in this work, was either that of Arles, in 314A.D., or of Nicæa, in 325A.D., both of them being before his birth, in 354A.D.He quotes the decision of the same council,contra Parmenianum, ii. 13, 30;de Hœresibus, 69;Ep.xliii. 7, 19. Migne brings forward the following passages in favour of its being the Council of Arles to which Augustine refers, since in them he ascribes the decision of the controversy to "the authority of the whole world."Contra Parmenianum, iii. 4, 21: "They condemned," he says, "some few in Africa, by whom they were in turn vanquished by the judgment of the whole world;" and he adds, that "the Catholics trusted ecclesiastical judges like these in preference to the defeated parties in the suit."Ib.6, 30: He says that the Donatists, "having made a schism in the unity of the Church, were refuted, not by the authority of 310 African bishops, but by that of the whole world." And in the sixth chapter of the first book of the same treatise, he says that the Donatists, after the decision at Arles, came again to Constantine, and there were defeated "by a final decision,"i.e.at Milan, as is seen fromEp.xliii. 7, 20, in the year 316A.D.[97]See above, ch. ii. 3.[98]See above, ch. ii. 3.[99]Rom. xiv. 4.[100]Wisd. xii. 10.[101]Ps. ciii. 8. "And truth" is not found in the A. V., nor in the Roman version of the LXX. The AlexandrianMS.addsκαι αληθεινος.[102]Ezek. xxiii. 11.[103]2 Tim. iv. 2.[104]John xii. 43.[105]He is alluding to that chief schism among the Donatists, which occurred when Maximianus was consecrated bishop of Carthage, in opposition to Primianus, 394A.D.[106]Optatus, a Donatist bishop of Thaumugade in Numidia, was called Gildonianus from his adherence to Gildo, Count of Africa, and generalissimo of the province under the elder Theodosius. On his death, in 395A.D., Gildo usurped supreme authority, and by his aid Optatus was enabled to oppress the Catholics in the province, till, in 398A.D., Gildo was defeated by his brother Maxezel, and destroyed himself, and Optatus was put in prison, where he died soon afterwards. He is not to be confounded with Optatus, Bishop of Milevis, the strenuous opponent of the Donatists.[107]The Council of Bagai. See above,I.v. 7.[108]Matt. xviii. 19.[109]1 Pet. iv. 8.[110]Cypr.Ep.lxxiii. to Jubaianus.[111]John xiii. 10. "Qui lotus est, non habet necessitatem iterum lavandi." The Latin, with the A.V., loses the distinction betweenο λελουμινος, "he that hasbathed," andνιπτειν, towash; and further introduces the idea of repetition.[112]John iii. 5.[113]See above, c. ii. 3.[114]See above,ii. ii. 3.[115]See above,II.ii. 3.[116]Ecclus. iii. 18.[117]See above,II.ii. 3.[118]John i. 33.[119]The Council of Carthage.[120]Epist.lxxiii. sec. 20, to Jubaianus.[121]Conc. Carth. sec. 28.[122]John xiv. 6.[123]Conc. Carth. sec. 30.[124]Ib.sec. 56.[125]Gal. ii. 11-14.[126]Conc. Carth. sec. 63.[127]Ib.sec. 77.[128]Cypr.Ep.lxxiii. sec. 1.[129]Cypr.Ep.lxxiii. sec. 2.[130]Cypr.Ep.lxxiii. sec. 3.[131]Above, Booki.c. xi. foll.[132]Non ut jam vere dimissa non retineantur. One of the negatives here appears to be superfluous, and the former is omitted in Amerbach's edition, and in many of theMSS., which continue the sentence, "non ut ille baptismus," instead of "neque ut ille," etc. If the latter negative were omitted, the sense would be improved, and "neque" would appropriately remain.[133]2 Cor. ii. 15, 16.[134]Phantasmata.[135]1 Cor. ii. 14.[136]1 Cor. i. 13.[137]1 Cor. iii. 1-3.[138]Eph. iv. 14.[139]Matt. xxviii. 19.[140]Cp.Concilium Arelatense, can. 8. "De Afris, quod propria lege utuntur ut rebaptizent; placuit ut si ad ecclesiam aliquis de hæresi venerit, interrogent eum symbolum; et si perviderint eum in Patre, et Filio, et Spiritu sancto esse baptizatum, manus ei tantum imponatur, ut accipiat Spiritum sanctum. Quod si interrogatus non responderit hanc Trinitatem, baptizetur."[141]Phil. iii. 15.[142]Jer. xv. 18, quoted from the LXX.[143]Rev. xvii. 15.[144]Rom. v. 5.[145]1 Cor. xiii. 1-3.[146]1 Cor. xii. 11.[147]Acts viii. 13.[148]1 Sam. x. 6, 10.[149]1 Tim. i. 5.[150]He refers to laying on of hands such as he mentions below, Book v. c. xxiii.: "If hands were not laid on one who returned from heresy, he would be judged to be free from all fault."[151]Matt. xvi. 19.[152]Song of Sol. vi. 9.[153]Cypr.de Lapsis, c. 4.[154]John xx. 21-23.[155]1 Cor. ii. 15.[156]Eph. v. 27. Cp.Retract.ii. 18, quoted above onI.xvii.[157]Tit. i. 7.[158]Num. xvi.[159]Lev. x. 1, 2.[160]Rom. ii. 4.[161]Acts viii. 5-17.[162]Because Cyprian, in his letter to Jubaianus (Ep.lxxiii. sec. 8), had urged as following from this, that "there is no reason, dearest brother, why we should think it right to yield to heretics that baptism which was granted to the one and only Church."[163]Deut. iv. 24.[164]Hos. ii. 5, from the LXX.[165]John i. 47.[166]John xiv. 21.[167]John xiii. 34, 35.[168]Matt. v. 17.[169]Rom. xiii. 10.

[1]Aug.De Hœr.c. 69;Enarr. in Ps.132, secs. 3, 6;C. Cresc.iii. 46, 47;C. Gaudentiumi. 32.

[2]Epist.xlix. li.

[3]Vol. ix p. 34, etc.

[4]The other works bearing on this controversy are mentioned in the exhaustive volume of Ferd. Ribbeck,Donatus und Augustinus(Elberfeld, 1858).—Ed.

[5]This treatise was written about 400A.D.

[6]Contra Epist. Parmen.ii. 14.

[7]Comp. v. 23, and iii. 16, note.

[8]Ps. lxi. 2, 3. Augustine translates from the Septuagint. The English version is: "From the end of the earth will I cry unto Thee, when my heart is overwhelmed: lead me to the Rock that is higher than I. For Thou hast been a shelter for me, and a strong tower from the enemy."

[9]Eph. ii. 6.

[10]Matt. vii. 15.

[11]Matt. xxiv. 23.

[12]Matt. xi. 24.

[13]The Council of Donatist bishops, held at Bagai in Numidia,A.D.394. Cp.Contr. Crescon.iii. 52, 53.

[14]Quodam modo cardinales Donatistas.

[15]See below, on ii. 9.

[16]Matt. xii. 30.

[17]Mark ix. 38, 39; Luke ix. 50.

[18]Acts x.

[19]Ex. xxxii.

[20]Num. xvi.

[21]1 Cor. xiii. 2.

[22]1 Cor. xiii. 1, 2.

[23]John xi. 51.

[24]1 Sam. xviii. 10.

[25]Acts viii. 13.

[26]Mark i. 24.

[27]Eph. iv. 2, 3.

[28]Acts viii. 13, 21.

[29]1 Cor. iii. 1-4.

[30]1 Cor. i. 10-13.

[31]1 Cor. x. 11.In figura;:τυπιχως; A. V., "for ensamples."

[32]Gen. xxi. 10.

[33]Gen. xxx. 3.

[34]Mal. i. 2, 3; Gen. xxv. 24.

[35]Matt. xxviii. 19.

[36]John xx. 23.

[37]Song of Sol. vi. 9.

[38]1 John ii. 11.

[39]Gal. iii. 27.

[40]Wisd. i. 5.

[41]Debebat. It is necessary to depart from the A. V., "owed," as Augustine founds an argument on the use of the imperfect tense. Gr.ωφειλεν.

[42]Matt. xviii. 23-35.

[43]1 Cor. xv. 46.

[44]1 Cor. ii. 14.

[45]Gal. iv.

[46]Ps. cxxxix. 16.

[47]So Augustine from the Septuagint:επι βιβλιο σου παντις γραφησονται. A.V., "In Thy book were allmy memberswritten."

[48]Non caste;ουχ αγνως. Phil. i. 16.

[49]In theRetractations, ii. 18, Augustine notes on this passage, that wherever he uses this quotation from the Epistle to the Ephesians, he means it to be understood of the progress of the Church towards this condition, and not of her success in its attainment; for at present the infirmities and ignorance of her members give ground enough for the whole Church joining daily in the petition, "Forgive us our debts."

[50]Gen. xv. 10.

[51]1 Pet. iv. 8.

[52]See below, ii. 9.

[53]Eph. iv. 2, 3.

[54]Ps. lxxiii. 18.

[55]1 Cor. xii. 31, xiii. 1.

[56]John xv. 1, 2.

[57]John xiii. 34.

[58]Gal. v. 22, 23.

[59]Botrum.

[60]John xv. 2.

[61]Rom. iii. 17; from which it has been introduced into the AlexandrineMS.of the Septuagint at Ps. xiv. 3, as it is quoted by Migne, and found in the English Prayer-book version of the Psalms.

[62]Charitatis ubera.

[63]Præfocantur.

[64]The Council of Carthage, September 1,A.D.256, in which eighty-seven African bishops declared in favour of rebaptizing heretics. The opinions of the bishops are quoted and answered by Augustine, one by one, in Books vi. and vii.

[65]Matt. xvi. 18.

[66]Cypr.Ep.lxxi.

[67]Gal. i. 20.

[68]Gal. ii. 14.

[69]Luke xxiii. 40-43.

[70]Matt. xxvi. 69-75.

[71]That is, the proconsular province of Africa, or Africa Zeugitana, answering to the northern part of the territory of Tunis.

[72]See above, c. i. 2.

[73]Bede asserts that this was the case, Book viii. qu. 5.

[74]See above, c. ii. 3.

[75]Matt. xxii. 30.

[76]1 Cor. x. 13.

[77]Phil. iii. 15.

[78]Rom. iii. 17; see on i. 19, 29.

[79]Phil. iii. 16.

[80]1 Cor. xiii. 3.

[81]Eph. iv. 3.

[82]Traditores sanctorum librorum.

[83]Ex. xxxii.

[84]Jer. xxxvi.

[85]Num. xvi.

[86]Non convicti sed conficti traditores.

[87]Rom. xiv. 4.

[88]Ps. lviii. 1; though slightly varied from the LXX.: si vere justitiam diligitis; forει αληθως αρα δικαιοσυνην λαλειτε

[89]John vii. 24.

[90]Matt. vii. 15.

[91]1 Cor. xiv. 29, 30.

[92]Cypr.Ep.lxxi.

[93]The former Council of Carthage was held by Agrippinus early in the third century, the ordinary date given being 215A.D.

[94]Tanquam lectulo auctoritatis.

[95]Cypr.Ep.lxxi.

[96]The general Council, on whose authority Augustine relies in many places in this work, was either that of Arles, in 314A.D., or of Nicæa, in 325A.D., both of them being before his birth, in 354A.D.He quotes the decision of the same council,contra Parmenianum, ii. 13, 30;de Hœresibus, 69;Ep.xliii. 7, 19. Migne brings forward the following passages in favour of its being the Council of Arles to which Augustine refers, since in them he ascribes the decision of the controversy to "the authority of the whole world."Contra Parmenianum, iii. 4, 21: "They condemned," he says, "some few in Africa, by whom they were in turn vanquished by the judgment of the whole world;" and he adds, that "the Catholics trusted ecclesiastical judges like these in preference to the defeated parties in the suit."Ib.6, 30: He says that the Donatists, "having made a schism in the unity of the Church, were refuted, not by the authority of 310 African bishops, but by that of the whole world." And in the sixth chapter of the first book of the same treatise, he says that the Donatists, after the decision at Arles, came again to Constantine, and there were defeated "by a final decision,"i.e.at Milan, as is seen fromEp.xliii. 7, 20, in the year 316A.D.

[97]See above, ch. ii. 3.

[98]See above, ch. ii. 3.

[99]Rom. xiv. 4.

[100]Wisd. xii. 10.

[101]Ps. ciii. 8. "And truth" is not found in the A. V., nor in the Roman version of the LXX. The AlexandrianMS.addsκαι αληθεινος.

[102]Ezek. xxiii. 11.

[103]2 Tim. iv. 2.

[104]John xii. 43.

[105]He is alluding to that chief schism among the Donatists, which occurred when Maximianus was consecrated bishop of Carthage, in opposition to Primianus, 394A.D.

[106]Optatus, a Donatist bishop of Thaumugade in Numidia, was called Gildonianus from his adherence to Gildo, Count of Africa, and generalissimo of the province under the elder Theodosius. On his death, in 395A.D., Gildo usurped supreme authority, and by his aid Optatus was enabled to oppress the Catholics in the province, till, in 398A.D., Gildo was defeated by his brother Maxezel, and destroyed himself, and Optatus was put in prison, where he died soon afterwards. He is not to be confounded with Optatus, Bishop of Milevis, the strenuous opponent of the Donatists.

[107]The Council of Bagai. See above,I.v. 7.

[108]Matt. xviii. 19.

[109]1 Pet. iv. 8.

[110]Cypr.Ep.lxxiii. to Jubaianus.

[111]John xiii. 10. "Qui lotus est, non habet necessitatem iterum lavandi." The Latin, with the A.V., loses the distinction betweenο λελουμινος, "he that hasbathed," andνιπτειν, towash; and further introduces the idea of repetition.

[112]John iii. 5.

[113]See above, c. ii. 3.

[114]See above,ii. ii. 3.

[115]See above,II.ii. 3.

[116]Ecclus. iii. 18.

[117]See above,II.ii. 3.

[118]John i. 33.

[119]The Council of Carthage.

[120]Epist.lxxiii. sec. 20, to Jubaianus.

[121]Conc. Carth. sec. 28.

[122]John xiv. 6.

[123]Conc. Carth. sec. 30.

[124]Ib.sec. 56.

[125]Gal. ii. 11-14.

[126]Conc. Carth. sec. 63.

[127]Ib.sec. 77.

[128]Cypr.Ep.lxxiii. sec. 1.

[129]Cypr.Ep.lxxiii. sec. 2.

[130]Cypr.Ep.lxxiii. sec. 3.

[131]Above, Booki.c. xi. foll.

[132]Non ut jam vere dimissa non retineantur. One of the negatives here appears to be superfluous, and the former is omitted in Amerbach's edition, and in many of theMSS., which continue the sentence, "non ut ille baptismus," instead of "neque ut ille," etc. If the latter negative were omitted, the sense would be improved, and "neque" would appropriately remain.

[133]2 Cor. ii. 15, 16.

[134]Phantasmata.

[135]1 Cor. ii. 14.

[136]1 Cor. i. 13.

[137]1 Cor. iii. 1-3.

[138]Eph. iv. 14.

[139]Matt. xxviii. 19.

[140]Cp.Concilium Arelatense, can. 8. "De Afris, quod propria lege utuntur ut rebaptizent; placuit ut si ad ecclesiam aliquis de hæresi venerit, interrogent eum symbolum; et si perviderint eum in Patre, et Filio, et Spiritu sancto esse baptizatum, manus ei tantum imponatur, ut accipiat Spiritum sanctum. Quod si interrogatus non responderit hanc Trinitatem, baptizetur."

[141]Phil. iii. 15.

[142]Jer. xv. 18, quoted from the LXX.

[143]Rev. xvii. 15.

[144]Rom. v. 5.

[145]1 Cor. xiii. 1-3.

[146]1 Cor. xii. 11.

[147]Acts viii. 13.

[148]1 Sam. x. 6, 10.

[149]1 Tim. i. 5.

[150]He refers to laying on of hands such as he mentions below, Book v. c. xxiii.: "If hands were not laid on one who returned from heresy, he would be judged to be free from all fault."

[151]Matt. xvi. 19.

[152]Song of Sol. vi. 9.

[153]Cypr.de Lapsis, c. 4.

[154]John xx. 21-23.

[155]1 Cor. ii. 15.

[156]Eph. v. 27. Cp.Retract.ii. 18, quoted above onI.xvii.

[157]Tit. i. 7.

[158]Num. xvi.

[159]Lev. x. 1, 2.

[160]Rom. ii. 4.

[161]Acts viii. 5-17.

[162]Because Cyprian, in his letter to Jubaianus (Ep.lxxiii. sec. 8), had urged as following from this, that "there is no reason, dearest brother, why we should think it right to yield to heretics that baptism which was granted to the one and only Church."

[163]Deut. iv. 24.

[164]Hos. ii. 5, from the LXX.

[165]John i. 47.

[166]John xiv. 21.

[167]John xiii. 34, 35.

[168]Matt. v. 17.

[169]Rom. xiii. 10.

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