OBSERVATIONS MADE IN KHUTU AND UZARAMO, DURING THE MONTHS OF JANUARY AND FEBRUARY, 1859.
OBSERVATIONS MADE IN KHUTU AND UZARAMO, DURING THE MONTHS OF JANUARY AND FEBRUARY, 1859.
OBSERVATIONS MADE IN KHUTU AND UZARAMO, DURING THE MONTHS OF JANUARY AND FEBRUARY, 1859.
DAY1 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 95; at sunset, 80. Wet, muggy morn. Wind E. Shower at 5 p.m. Cloudy even.2 Temperature of air at sunrise, 73; at 4 p.m., 98; at sunset, 80. Fine morn. Wind E. Cirro-cumulus. Few high clouds. Fine even and clear night.3 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 104; at sunset, 80. Fine morn. Sea-breeze and clouds at 10 a.m. Violent rain from E. at 9 p.m.4 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 109; at sunset, 84. Stratus on earth. Sea-breeze and sun at 10 a.m., and at sunset.5 Temperature of air at sunrise, 75; at 4 p.m., 100; at sunset, 82. Fine morn. Clouds and breeze at 10 a.m., and at sunset.6 Temperature of air at sunrise, 70; at 4 p.m., 110; at sunset, 83. Cloudy, dull, muggy morn. Fierce sun. Heavy rain at night.7 Temperature of air at sunrise, 73; at 4 p.m., 102; at sunset, 82. Cloudy, dull, muggy morn. Fierce sun. Fine even.8 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 100; at sunset, 70. Clear, fine morn. Fierce sun. Fine even.9 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 100; at sunset, 80. Dirty morn. Spitting of rain. Hot sun. Showery even.10 Temperature of air at sunrise, 70; at 4 p.m., 98; at sunset, 80. Dull morn. Hot day. Sea-breeze. Fine even.11 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 101; at sunset, 82. Muggy morn. Sunny and cloudy day. Fine even.12 Temperature of air at sunrise, 75; at 4 p.m., 97; at sunset, 80. Fine, clear morn. Cirri and high clouds. Fine even.13 Temperature of air at sunrise, 75; at 4 p.m., 99; at sunset, 80. Day hot and clear. Night cloudy.14 Temperature of air at sunrise, 72; at 4 p.m., 90; at sunset, 80. Day hot and clear. Night cloudy.15 Temperature of air at sunrise, 71; at 4 p.m., 88; at sunset, 80. Day hot and clear. Halo at night.16 Temperature of air at sunrise, 71; at 4 p.m., 110; at sunset, 86. Air misty and thick. No clouds.17 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 107; at sunset, 88. Air misty and thick. No clouds.18 Temperature of air at sunrise, 70; at 4 p.m., 104; at sunset, 86. Air misty, but somewhat clearer.19 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 108; at sunset, 86. Heavy clouds. Muggy morn. Fleecy sky at sunset. Halo at night.20 Temperature of air at sunrise, 72; at 4 p.m., 108; at sunset, 84. Misty, muggy morn. Heavy clouds from N. and N.E. Tourbillon of wind and dust at 3 p.m. Rain in large drops. Hot even and night. Lightning from N. and N.E. to S.E.—1 to 20, Zungomero in Khutu at head of valley.21 Marching. Temperature of air at sunrise, 71; at 4 p.m., 88; at sunset, 80. Misty. Sun at 9 a.m. fiery. Steamy day. Fetid air. Rain near.22 Marching. Temperature of air at sunrise, 72; at 4 p.m., 90; at sunset, 77. Misty. Sun at 9 a.m. fiery. Storm from S. to N. from 3 p.m. to 8 p.m. Violent rain. Spitting at night. Fetid close air.23 Marching. Temperature of air at sunrise, 72; at 4 p.m., 90; at sunset, 80. Grey sky. Sun at 9 a.m. hot. Spitting rain from 10 to 12. Light rain at 3 p.m. No sun.24 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 100; at sunset, 82. Grey sky. Water and air in equal parts. Spitting at 9 to 11 a.m. Sun hot at 12. Blue sky in north. Heavy rain. Slow clouds from N. at 8 to 10 p.m.25 Temperature of air at sunrise, 76; at 4 p.m., 100; at sunset, 84. Fine veil of mist. Wind and clouds from E. Four days’ sea-breeze. Fine night, but very hot.26 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 106; at sunset, 80. Clear, hot day. Wind E. Sea-breeze after 12. Hot night.27 Temperature of air at sunrise, 76; at 4 p.m., 110; at sunset, 86. Misty morn. Wind E. at 10 a.m. Storm of wind and thunder (no rain) from E.28 Temperature of air at sunrise, 75; at 4 p.m., 110; at sunset, 84. Misty morn. Day hot and cloudy. Thunder at 4 p.m. Lightning at night.29 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 106; at sunset, 86. Misty morn. Hot sun. Heavy cumulus and E. wind. Sea-breeze. Hot even. Still, starry night.30 Temperature of air at sunrise, 76; at 4 p.m., 100; at sunset, 86. Clear morn. Hot sun. Clouds at 10 a.m. Fiery sun. Clouds at 3 p.m. Wind E. Fine even.31 Temperature of air at sunrise, 75; at 4 p.m., 99. Clear morn. Clouds and wind from E. Fiery sun. Heavy cumulus. High sea-breeze. Clouds and spitting at 10 p.m.Feb.1. Temperature of air at sunrise, 76; at 4 p.m., 100; at sunset, 80. Clear morn. Clouds at 9 a.m. Rain at 10 a.m. Fine day.2 Ruisi. Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 104; at sunset, 82. Clear morn. Clouds at 7 a.m. Showers at 10 to 11 a.m. Clouds and mist from E. Fine day. Clear night.3 Konduchi. Temperature of air at sunrise, 77; at 4 p.m., 99; at sunset, 80. Clear morn. Sea-breeze. Fine clear day. Heat great out of sun.Remarks.—An anomaly was observed at Zungomero. There appeared to be a double sea-breeze, the earlier set in between 9 and 10 a.m. every day. The second rose regularly at sunset, and at times there were gusts from the eastward at night. This phenomenon appears purely local, and caused by the cold winds of the Duthumi hills, which, when the sun disappears, find their way to the still heated head of the Khutu Valley.Between Zungomero and the Mgeta Ford the sea-breeze is lost in the lower levels. After the Mgeta it sets in strong and regular. The rain also diminishes, though in winter tourbillons are common. When the E. wind blows cold it is a sign that rain is approaching, like the puffs preceding storms on the Zanzibar seas.Rain in showers not common on the land above the ancient sea-beach; when on the shore there is more. This accounts for superior fertility.Wind at Konduchi as on the coast generally. Calm morn till 9 or 10 a.m. Sea-breeze till sunset. Calm again till fetid land-breeze sets in at night, and endures until morn.
DAY
1 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 95; at sunset, 80. Wet, muggy morn. Wind E. Shower at 5 p.m. Cloudy even.
2 Temperature of air at sunrise, 73; at 4 p.m., 98; at sunset, 80. Fine morn. Wind E. Cirro-cumulus. Few high clouds. Fine even and clear night.
3 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 104; at sunset, 80. Fine morn. Sea-breeze and clouds at 10 a.m. Violent rain from E. at 9 p.m.
4 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 109; at sunset, 84. Stratus on earth. Sea-breeze and sun at 10 a.m., and at sunset.
5 Temperature of air at sunrise, 75; at 4 p.m., 100; at sunset, 82. Fine morn. Clouds and breeze at 10 a.m., and at sunset.
6 Temperature of air at sunrise, 70; at 4 p.m., 110; at sunset, 83. Cloudy, dull, muggy morn. Fierce sun. Heavy rain at night.
7 Temperature of air at sunrise, 73; at 4 p.m., 102; at sunset, 82. Cloudy, dull, muggy morn. Fierce sun. Fine even.
8 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 100; at sunset, 70. Clear, fine morn. Fierce sun. Fine even.
9 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 100; at sunset, 80. Dirty morn. Spitting of rain. Hot sun. Showery even.
10 Temperature of air at sunrise, 70; at 4 p.m., 98; at sunset, 80. Dull morn. Hot day. Sea-breeze. Fine even.
11 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 101; at sunset, 82. Muggy morn. Sunny and cloudy day. Fine even.
12 Temperature of air at sunrise, 75; at 4 p.m., 97; at sunset, 80. Fine, clear morn. Cirri and high clouds. Fine even.
13 Temperature of air at sunrise, 75; at 4 p.m., 99; at sunset, 80. Day hot and clear. Night cloudy.
14 Temperature of air at sunrise, 72; at 4 p.m., 90; at sunset, 80. Day hot and clear. Night cloudy.
15 Temperature of air at sunrise, 71; at 4 p.m., 88; at sunset, 80. Day hot and clear. Halo at night.
16 Temperature of air at sunrise, 71; at 4 p.m., 110; at sunset, 86. Air misty and thick. No clouds.
17 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 107; at sunset, 88. Air misty and thick. No clouds.
18 Temperature of air at sunrise, 70; at 4 p.m., 104; at sunset, 86. Air misty, but somewhat clearer.
19 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 108; at sunset, 86. Heavy clouds. Muggy morn. Fleecy sky at sunset. Halo at night.
20 Temperature of air at sunrise, 72; at 4 p.m., 108; at sunset, 84. Misty, muggy morn. Heavy clouds from N. and N.E. Tourbillon of wind and dust at 3 p.m. Rain in large drops. Hot even and night. Lightning from N. and N.E. to S.E.—1 to 20, Zungomero in Khutu at head of valley.
21 Marching. Temperature of air at sunrise, 71; at 4 p.m., 88; at sunset, 80. Misty. Sun at 9 a.m. fiery. Steamy day. Fetid air. Rain near.
22 Marching. Temperature of air at sunrise, 72; at 4 p.m., 90; at sunset, 77. Misty. Sun at 9 a.m. fiery. Storm from S. to N. from 3 p.m. to 8 p.m. Violent rain. Spitting at night. Fetid close air.
23 Marching. Temperature of air at sunrise, 72; at 4 p.m., 90; at sunset, 80. Grey sky. Sun at 9 a.m. hot. Spitting rain from 10 to 12. Light rain at 3 p.m. No sun.
24 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 100; at sunset, 82. Grey sky. Water and air in equal parts. Spitting at 9 to 11 a.m. Sun hot at 12. Blue sky in north. Heavy rain. Slow clouds from N. at 8 to 10 p.m.
25 Temperature of air at sunrise, 76; at 4 p.m., 100; at sunset, 84. Fine veil of mist. Wind and clouds from E. Four days’ sea-breeze. Fine night, but very hot.
26 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 106; at sunset, 80. Clear, hot day. Wind E. Sea-breeze after 12. Hot night.
27 Temperature of air at sunrise, 76; at 4 p.m., 110; at sunset, 86. Misty morn. Wind E. at 10 a.m. Storm of wind and thunder (no rain) from E.
28 Temperature of air at sunrise, 75; at 4 p.m., 110; at sunset, 84. Misty morn. Day hot and cloudy. Thunder at 4 p.m. Lightning at night.
29 Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 106; at sunset, 86. Misty morn. Hot sun. Heavy cumulus and E. wind. Sea-breeze. Hot even. Still, starry night.
30 Temperature of air at sunrise, 76; at 4 p.m., 100; at sunset, 86. Clear morn. Hot sun. Clouds at 10 a.m. Fiery sun. Clouds at 3 p.m. Wind E. Fine even.
31 Temperature of air at sunrise, 75; at 4 p.m., 99. Clear morn. Clouds and wind from E. Fiery sun. Heavy cumulus. High sea-breeze. Clouds and spitting at 10 p.m.
Feb.1. Temperature of air at sunrise, 76; at 4 p.m., 100; at sunset, 80. Clear morn. Clouds at 9 a.m. Rain at 10 a.m. Fine day.
2 Ruisi. Temperature of air at sunrise, 74; at 4 p.m., 104; at sunset, 82. Clear morn. Clouds at 7 a.m. Showers at 10 to 11 a.m. Clouds and mist from E. Fine day. Clear night.
3 Konduchi. Temperature of air at sunrise, 77; at 4 p.m., 99; at sunset, 80. Clear morn. Sea-breeze. Fine clear day. Heat great out of sun.
Remarks.—An anomaly was observed at Zungomero. There appeared to be a double sea-breeze, the earlier set in between 9 and 10 a.m. every day. The second rose regularly at sunset, and at times there were gusts from the eastward at night. This phenomenon appears purely local, and caused by the cold winds of the Duthumi hills, which, when the sun disappears, find their way to the still heated head of the Khutu Valley.
Between Zungomero and the Mgeta Ford the sea-breeze is lost in the lower levels. After the Mgeta it sets in strong and regular. The rain also diminishes, though in winter tourbillons are common. When the E. wind blows cold it is a sign that rain is approaching, like the puffs preceding storms on the Zanzibar seas.
Rain in showers not common on the land above the ancient sea-beach; when on the shore there is more. This accounts for superior fertility.
Wind at Konduchi as on the coast generally. Calm morn till 9 or 10 a.m. Sea-breeze till sunset. Calm again till fetid land-breeze sets in at night, and endures until morn.